Research Paper Writing Examples: Ideas, Topics, Outlines

Economics on coronavirus. Mathematics & Economics Research Paper

Description: In December 2019, the then-unknown coronavirus began in the Chinese province of Hubei. The Chinese government reacted by imposing restrictions that constrained the movement of individuals including quarantines across the nation.

How are Prescripton Drugs Priced and How Does This Concern Most Americans

Description: For instance, the decision by Turing Company to increase the price of Daraprim from $13.50 to $750 created a public outcry prompting questions on how to solve the dilemma surrounding drug pricing.

Ulysses S Grant; Statesmanship/Leadership during Black Friday Challenge

Description: There are many instances that the President of the United States of America faces various crises that challenge his capabilities and competency during the term that he is given.

Starbucks: Strategic Analysis Project: Specific Action Plans

Description: Starbucks Corporation has had sustained success for long and stood out as a profitable brand in the U.S and its establishments across the world. In the development of a specific action plan (SAP) to drive Starbucks’ progress in the future, it is crucial to consider its external and internal environment.

BUSN 10102. SOCIAL MEDIA COMMUNICATION ANALYSIS. Research Paper

Description: Adidas was founded in 1924 by a German national Adolph Dassler. The name originated from his nickname Adi connected with the last syllables Das to make Adidas the famous brand.

Ethiopia and Eritria Social Sciences Research Paper

Description: Many factors contribute to underdevelopment or stagnation of economies. Looking at two Less Developed Countries (LDCs), Ethiopia, and Eritrea, it is possible to find a parallel between their state of the economy and the factors. The two bordering countries have a history of conflict dating

Media Reaction Project: Social Sciences Research Paper

Description: Social justice entails that all people shall merit even distribution of economic, political, and social rights and opportunities. It demands integrity and a respect for morality. This concept guides humanity in creating structured human relations that are necessary to promote personal and societal

Leader Analysis Management Research Paper Term Paper

Description: Leadership can be described as the ability of an individual to guide, direct, and influence the behavior of other people so that they can achieve a common goal. Leadership is crucial in project management because the objectives of a project have to be met in very uncertain and ambiguous conditions

Health Assessment on a Child and Youth Patient

Description: Assessing a child is a tough task to undertake. Miss - assessment can quickly be recorded, which might be detrimental in making clinical decisions (Franck et al. 2000). The grandmother to the boy should give an account of all clinical visits since the boy was a boy. It will help in assessing doctors’

Breakeven Analysis and Implementation, Controls, and Contingency Plan

Description: The section will present a breakeven analysis for a new target market. The information presented includes the focused number of units sold, the average price for each unit, forecasted total sales, the forecasted average unit variable cost, as well as the forecasted fixed costs

Segmenting and Targeting of US Market and Product Positioning (STP)

Description: The increasing environmental awareness in the United States accounts for an equally increased demand and subsequent adoption of renewable sources of energy among the country’s population. The consumption of solar energy in the United States, for instance, is on the rise in the country with customers

Building a Comprehensive Health History Medicine Research Paper

Description: Undertaking a patient interview is a way of collecting the required information is a clinical diagnosis. Capturing all the information necessary and ensuring that all issues are addressed comprehensively is essential. The component of obtaining medical history remains a fundamental concept

Current and Future State of Health Care Legislation Analysis

Description: The Healthcare system encompasses two sides, the caregivers and the patients. The caregivers are in various categories from administrators, up to the government.

Relevant issues of electronic health record usage within the U.S. health care sysytem

Description: A decade ago, only 48.3% of physicians were using an EHR system. Today, the number has nearly doubled. About 85.9% of office-based physicians are using EHRs, with only 79.7% using a certified EHR system (CDC, 2017).

Euthanasia. Literature & Language. Research Paper

Description: Euthanasia entails ending the life of a person who is suffering to relieve pain. The decision is made by the doctor when a severely sick individual, whose chances of surviving are minimal, makes a request.

Evaluation of seed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Description: The Mediterranean environment of Central Greece is characterized by and exposed to autumn rainfall with the rest of months being quite dry. As such, farming of cash crops such as cotton is usually greatly impeded.

Organization Development. Management Research Paper

Description: Organizational development enables corporations to transition into an effective change. Today, a vast majority of organizations are implementing technological changes to capitalize on their productivity, boost their competitiveness, and create a business that stands out in the marketplace.

Reading Research Literature (RRL) Worksheet (graded) Medicine Paper

Description: Purpose of the Study: The study aims to distinguish and explain the existing nursing practices concerning the precision of the monitoring and measurement of fluid balance in the intensive care units (ICUs). This study is a compulsory requirement to accomplish a Masters Degree in Nursing.

Strategic Analysis Project Possible Strategies Business Research Paper

Description: Over the last few years, Starbucks Corporation has had some of its demand headwinds assuming a transitory nature, with some of its cost increases only being appropriate for future investments. Additionally, the firm’s current performance has failed to reflect the potential of its exceptional

Colonization Effect and Risks for Two-Spirited People Research Paper

Description: Colonization has affected Indigenous People in many ways, including loss of tradition and assimilation into societal views that heteropatriarchal ways are superior to that of any other. Before colonization, the Indigenous culture, for the most part was accepting- in some ways even encouraging

Surgical Smoke and Discovery of Electrosurgery

Description: Since the discovery of electrosurgery in the 1900s, it has been widely used to cut tissues and produce the minimum amount of blood through coagulation secondary to the heat and vaporization which diffuses the small particles and cellular fluid into thin air. Thus, generating a plume

Alternative Energy vs. Fossil Fuels. Social Sciences. Research Paper

Description: Fossil fuels continue to play vital roles in different regions and sectors of the economy around the globe including the US. While coal is mostly used in the production and generation of electricity, crude oil and natural gas are essential in heating establishments including homes and in transportation (Denchak n.p).

John Brown and the Election of 1860. History Research Paper

Description: John Brown’s impact on the elections in 1860 rose from his involvement in the extinction of slavery in the United States. Although he had genuine intentions of setting the slaves free, his mission did not succeed.

The impacts of Organizational Structures and Supply Chain Strategies on Amazon

Description: The supply chain has become a central organizational unit in recent years utilized by any company that wants to achieve its goals and objectives. They slowly realized the value of the buyer-supplier relationship, thus employing new and unique supply chain practices.

Week 2 assignment. Research Paper on Opportunity Cost.

Description: The investment returns that an entity drops when it chooses to use invest in an internal project rather than using the money on a prime investment is known as Opportunity capital cost.

Human Trafficking. Social Sciences Research Paper.

Description: Human trafficking is an act of crime that affects individuals from across the gender and age divide as men, women, and children may fall victim to the heinous criminal activity.

Domestic Intel to Stop the Attack

Description: Boko Haram poses a significant threat to the United States (U.S.) when it comes related to terrorist activities. This assertion arises from the previous activities that are associated with this group and more importantly, their inception towards

Personal Philosophy on Leadership. Research Paper.

Description: United States President Abraham Lincoln once said Whatever you are, be a good one. These words have become famous and applicable to various aspects of a person’s life.

A Commodity Study: Coffee Cultivation

Description: Coffee cultivation and production trace its heritage to numerous coffee forests in Ethiopia. The influence of coffee was discovered by Kaldi who noticed that his goats were so energetic after eating coffee berries. The influence of coffee spread and by the end of the 15th century

Evidence based practice. Health, Medicine, Nursing Research Paper

Description: For years, social workers have been working exhaustively in assisting and rescuing adolescents in abusive families. In some cases, the young individuals have usually been exposed to both emotional and physical abuses for long spells that they have become traumatized.

FAHRENHEIT 451 by Ray Bradbury. Literature & Language Research Paper

Description: Introduction- Introduces Fahrenheit 451 and highlights the issues addressed in the book. Thesis: Fahrenheit 451 highlights issues such as technology, science development, violent and religion.

Strategic Analysis Project: Company and Industry Analysis

Description: A SWOT analysis of Starbucks’ internal and external environment shows areas where the company has strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The company’s internal environment is based on its strengths and weaknesses.

To what extent is affluenza impacting the planet? (Affluenza is impacting the planet.)

Description: In the 19th century, Thorstein Veblen, a sociologist, and economist coined the phrase conspicuous consumption to describe the behavior of the newly affluent social class that began in the late 1800s during the second industrial revolution (Archer np).

Yao Ming Breaking Barriers between the NBA and China

Description: Yao Ming is one of the towering figures who has graced the National Basketball Association (NAB) League. Notably, his joining of the NBA became a symbol of pride, a mark that broke the longstanding barriers between China and America.

Assignment: Descriptive Statistics. Mathematics & Economics Paper

Description: Begin your first paragraph here. Be sure to indent each new paragraph. Your introduction should include the name of your article. Please remember that the article you choose, must be published during this quarter.

Week 5-Research Designs. Sampling Methods in Medical Research

Description: Research aids medical professionals in enhancing their knowledge concerning diseases and other phenomena that do not have definite description, characterization, or diagnostic criteria, and treatment.

Breaking Barriers. History Research Paper Assignment

Description: Christendom during medieval times was focused on spreading Christianism all over the world through religious expeditions. These missions differ in strategies and outcomes, and not all were peaceful.

Hot pot - Favorite Chinese Cuisine Literature Research Paper

Description: To begin with, Pao demonstrates that a perfect Chinese hot pot can be prepared with the least possible cost compared to other cuisines. The basic ingredients required to prepare a complete hot pot are readily available in any market where foodstuffs are sold

The impact of islam on Women Right in Senegal Law Research Paper

Description: This paper basically explores the impact of Islam religion on the women status in the republic of Senegal. The discussion tends to identify the extent to which religious beliefs determine the role as well as status of women within the predominant Muslim society. Senegal is believed

Developing Cognitively Appropriate Instructional Activities Research

Description: When students take polls of the meals and graphically represent their data, they will be able to understand concrete situations, quantity, and space (Ghazi et al., 2016). Students with a higher cognitive level would be encouraged to take more than ten polls. In comparison, those with lower cognitive

Licensing and franchising in international business law

Description: Licensing and Franchising are common strategies businesses apply to expand their businesses internationally (Brimer et al., 2015). There are several strategies that companies can apply to expand their activities. Licensing and Franchising involve two parties in which one gives its rights to another party

Indicators of a quality inclusion classroom in early childhood education

Description: The topic is Indicators of a quality inclusion classroom in early childhood education (kindergarten or preschool age). Three main and foundational principles of early childhood inclusion to identify high quality early childhood programs and services, including Access,

Newman’s Own Organics's SWOT Analysis and Promotional Techniques

Description: The case demonstrates the recent promotion of Jason David as the director of sales for New Man’s Own Organics. The company has its products certified as organic Oregon Tilth. The proceeds from the company are used to support charity work. As the new director of sales, David is expected to identify

Strategic Analysis Project: Current Position Business Research Paper

Description: Starbucks' mission statement is "To inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time" (Starbucks, n.d.). Accordingly, this mission statement serves to influence strategic management at the company towards realizing sustained growth (Gregory, 2019).

Problem/ Solution Research Paper. Healthy Living and Disease Prevention in the Twenty-First...

Description: Although concerted efforts have been focused on young persons, emerging evidence indicates that enhancing people’s living standards and preventing contagious infections are both feasible and appropriate for persons aged 65 and above.

AI will cause a shift in human experience. Research Paper

Description: In 1956, the term artificial intelligence, also known as AI, was coined. Artificial intelligence has become popular nowadays due to it’s a wide variety of uses. Artificial intelligence pertains to the intelligence embedded in machines which are simulated from the human mind.

Why do we Read? Education Research Paper Assignment.

Description: Why do we read? Reading transports us into worlds we would never see, introduces us to individuals we would never meet, and imparts in us emotions we may never otherwise feel.

Part-Time Jobs: Advantages and Disadvantages. Research Paper

Description: There are a variety of work plans that present different benefits and demerits for employees as well as their employers. Although some flexibilities in terms of working hours are often oriented to the welfare of workers, others are more focused to meet different business needs.

Critique of Care after Lymphoma (Caly) Trial

Description: The research used a sample size of 88 patients who were eligible from a centre in Western Australia (Taylor et al., 2019). However, 60 agreed to take part in the research. The research used a sample study group who was 18 years old and able to

Unethical Practice and Outsourcing Manufacturing on Developing Economies

Description: Global Apparel brands such as Nike, Adidas, and H&M are continuously looking to manufacture their products and commodities in developing nations. Through the move, they benefit from cheap labor and access to abundance of low-cost but quality raw materials. Despite the advantages of operating the low-cost

Christian Doctrine Theology Research Paper Topics: Sharing Gospel with a Non-believer

Description: How would you share the gospel with a non-believer? The simple answer is by telling them about the faith. However, non-believers have a reason why they do not associate with any faith and a lecture is not likely to change that. They also have more reasons to distrust believers as some do not practice

Conflict resolution through effective communication Research Paper

Description: Conflicts in operating rooms are inevitable. Physicians working together should relate well with each other and should not allow the differences between them to affect the patient care adversely. In particular, operating rooms are volatile and complex environments where physicians

The Value of Communication in the Sport of Volleyball Media Research

Description: Sports are, in many ways, performative. For millennia, humans have performed one form of sports or another – regardless of culture, ethnicity, faith or age. In modern days, sport is no longer an individual experience or, for that matter, a recreational matter for a handful. Instead, sport has grown

Digital signatures Mathematics & Economics Research Paper

Description: The 21st century will go down in history as one that has been heavily characterized by technological developments that have impacted various sectors of the economy. These technological enhancements are opening up the world into a global village where individuals from different regions continuously

Virtual Reality Technology Research Paper Coursework

Description: Technological change is one factor that the entire world has experienced, starting from an urban city in a first world country to a rural village in a third world country. Virtual Reality (VR) is a form of technology in which a person gets simulated to experience things that can be similar or different

Business Plan - Sneakers Export from China to the United States

Description: Sneakers refer to the type of shoes essentially meant for specific physical exercises and sports. These wears have become common as people currently use them as casual outfits in day-to-day life. Sneakers are available for all ages, whether males or females. They are essential

Import business plan Business & Marketing Research Paper

Description: A corporation is the preferred legal structure for this company in order to minimize the risks of failure, enjoy tax incentives, as well as allow for the acquisition of sufficient capital for funding CITATION Entnd \l 1033 (Entrepreneur.com, n.d.). Accordingly, due to the complex nature

Sleep Deprivation Makes Us Error Prone

Description: I came across “sleep deprivation makes us more error-prone than previously thought, study finds” by Perry, after searching the internet using Google search engine. The keywords for the search were “sleep deprivation” and “error-prone.” Although there were various results from different websites

Research paper in Technology Health, Medicine, Nursing Research Paper

Description: Technology continues to usher the world into new and greater heights of success. One example of revolutionary technology is virtual simulation which appears to be the solution to some issues currently being experienced in nursing education. Hospitals are in need of practice-ready nurses

Micro Certifications in Canada Education Research Paper

Description: Technological advancements that continue to characterize the 21st century are having significant impacts on different sectors of the economy including education. Particularly, the advancements have fostered the growth and development of online learning that provides students and individuals

60 Seconds in the News Health, Medicine, Nursing Research Paper

Description: Brody published an article in the New York Times, one of America’s largest and most trusted media houses. The article was found on the New York Times’s website on March 16 this year. My interest in choosing this is the comprehensive coverage that the media house has, not only within America

Intelligence Collection and Analysis of Boko Haram Research Paper

Description: The activities of Boko Haram in the U.S. are likely to cause harm to the people. Considering the harm the group has inflicted in Nigeria, it is a threat to the U.S. As a result, intelligence gathering is on the activities of the organization is critical. With intelligence, it is possible

Richard Owen - Paleontologist. Life Sciences Research Paper

Description: Throughout history, humans have come across fossilized remains of dinosaurs during the prehistoric era. This may be of different myths such as the dragons and other creatures.

Assignment: Academic Success and Professional Development Plan Part 6: Finalizing the Plan

Description: The nursing profession is made up of different types of nurse specialties. Nevertheless, the roles of all these specialties entail providing direct health care to patients.

Unite 3 Research Project Complete Annotated Bibliography with Peer Review

Description: Pierce, Glenn L., Michael L. Radelet, and Susan Sharp have examined 4, 668 homicide cases that happened in Oklahoma with an identified suspect. These cases occurred between 1990 and 2012.

Risk management. Health, Medicine, Nursing. Research Paper

Description: Risk management in medical centers involves clinical and leadership approaches and reports that are essential in monitoring, evaluating, preventing, and mitigating danger (Bunting Jr & Groszkruger, 2016).

Brain Facts. Education Research Paper Assignment.

Description: The brain undergoes significant remodeling during teenagehood before it develops to full adult function ability. At this stage, the grey matter grows whereby the thought and processes that were not utilized in childhood are pruned away (Casey et al., 2008).

Adolescent Development Brochure. Education Research Paper

Description: This is the earliest stage of adolescence. During this stage, the individual starts to become independent through improved expression using speech, emerging identity, paying less attention to parents, and improved importance of friendship

Correlation Between the Reasons for Taking the Job and the RA's Performance

Description: The data presented in the section shows a correlation between the different reasons for taking the job as well as the RA’s performance. First, it is worth noting that the Mean of the independent variables would provide a general idea about how seriously the RA’s take their jobs. For example

Data Summary and Analytical Approach Communications Research Paper

Description: This research paper is carried to examine and investigate the impacts and the relationship between High Impacts Practices on student's success. All students get in colleges and universities with a primary aim of succeeding in the future or rather after completion of their studies. However, this turns

Euthanasia a suffering patient? Psychology Research Paper

Description: Over the years, the topic of euthanasia has often been contentious and highly controversial. It has also become a matter of ethical and moral concern for physicians and medical practitioners who deal with patents from terminal illnesses such as advanced cancer, patients in a persistent vegetative state,

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)

Description: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a dangerous category of stroke and is caused by bleeding into the spaces that surround the human brain. The disease is caused by head injury or a ruptured aneurysm. Patients who have suffered from Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) will survive with a disability

Starbucks-Strategic Analysis Project: Industry Perspective & Business Description

Description: Starbucks Corporation is a multinational chain comprising coffeehouses and roastery stores with its headquarters in Seattle, Washington, in the U.S. The company primarily operates in the coffee and snack shops industry which comprises operators who prepare or serve non-alcoholic

Writing Methods and Techniques of Maureen Dwod

Description: Maureen Dowd is one of the distinguished writers in the U.S. She started her career in 1974 as editorial assistance working for The Washington Star. Dowd later moved to the New York Times where she became a metropolitan reporter. She has also worked with The Time’s Washington bureau

Black Feminism and LGBTQ community

Description: Over the years, the feminist movements have effected change on so many societal issues, especially in the West. These movements have fought for equality in areas such as voting, education, and employment. While fighting for such rights, women have lost some battles and have won others

Rationale For Choosing The Company In Which To Invest

Description: Ideally, stocks are securities that represent an ownership share in a given company. It is also critical to understand that companies are also willing and ready to issue stock as a means of raising the amount of money required to grow by investing in the business. On the other side,

Professional Development and Curriculum Vitae Medicine Research Paper

Description: A nursing graduate course is an academic milestone that requires an individual to be well-prepared so that one can achieve the established goals. As such, a person must identify the program that aligns with her professional objectives. A professional development plan is critical

Assignment: Academic Success and Professional Development Plan Part 5: Professional Developm...

Description: Using the Academic Success and Professional Development Plan Template in which you began to work on in Week 1, and have continued working on through this course, in Part 5, you will create a fully developed and accurate curriculum vitae (CV) based on your current education and professional background.

Organizational Development of General Motors

Description: Organizational development is the use of resources to enhance productivity and efficiency. It is mainly aimed at increasing the corporation’s competitiveness so as to create a business that wins in the marketplace. This can be through maximizing profit, market share, cultural values

Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VII. Research Paper

Description: Performance appraisal is essential for organizations and dates back to as early as in the 50s. Business experts noticed the importance of employees and how they affect the overall performance of the organization.

Are Community Colleges in fact "colleges of last resort"

Description: The American educational system has for a long time been associated with affluence and hence, class. As a result, much focus has been placed on the success of students through the universities and recognized colleges around the country.

Museum Wall Label on "Standing female worshiper"

Description: Ancient societies used to communicate their sociocultural beliefs and practices, as well as whatever they were experiencing at the time, through artworks such as sculptures.

Political Science. Inequality and Liberalism. Research Paper

Description: The debate over rising inequality in the world has been in the mainstream media outlets for a long time now. The 2007/2008 financial crisis amplified the noise with regard to rising economic inequality.

Personal Mastery Plan and Practice. Management Research Paper

Description: Personal mastery refers to a set of specified principles alongside practices that provides the possibility for an individual’s learning to create personal vision capable of making them approach issues of life in an objective manner.

Building learning organizations. Management Research Paper

Description: A non-learning organization is often characterized by various characteristics such as high level of bureaucracy, lack of initiative, poor vertical communication, poor cross-functional collaboration, poor teamwork as well as lack of knowledge management and leadership skills.

Finance Research Report. Accounting, Finance, SPSS Research Paper

Description: The Coca-Cola Company (KO) owns more than 500 brands of non-alcoholic beverages, mainly soft drinks, but also a wide range of non-carbonated beverages, such as juices, ready juices, ready-to-drink teas and coffees, as well sports and energy drinks.

Organizational Behavior / business management. Management Research

Description: Organizational behavior, as learned previously, is the study of how humans behave despite having individual differences, and how performance, in general, affects organizational settings—understanding all that can play a key role in how any organization can be successful.

FTC Facebook Lawsuit. Law Research Paper Assignment

Description: Were the parties involved sued civilly? Indeed, Facebook was sued civilly by FTC. A civil lawsuit involves one party seeking damages for the injury caused by the activity or inactions of another party.

Health care compliance. Health, Medicine, Nursing Research Paper

Description: Healthcare compliance is a government strategy that aims at ensuring that patients receive the necessary, safe, quality, efficient, and effective medical care in all hospitals (Russell et al., 2018).

Field Experience. The Item Described at the Board Meeting

Description: During the board meeting, various items were discussed. First, the members talked about athletics and the importance of doing personal training. Secondly, the members discussed housing facilities in the country.

Business Communication. Business & Marketing Research Paper

Description: Communication refers to the exchange of information between two or more parties through writing, verbal, or through the use of any other medium. Business communication, therefore, is the exchange of facts, thoughts, and systematic ideas between stakeholders in a business scenario.

The History of Tobacco Farming prior to 1877. History Research Paper

Description: Communities around the world have depended on agriculture for their daily sustenance for many centuries. Individuals have been clearing and tilling pieces of land and planting crops not only to consume but also exchange for other commodities they may require.

Human Rights Crisis UK. Social Sciences Research Paper

Description: The COVID-19 is an infectious disease identified as a new component from the family of Coronaviruses that causes respiratory infections. The infection from COVID-19 is deadly since there is still no specific treatment for the diseases other than just the management of the symptoms.

Letter to Editor and Draft Initiative. Education Research Paper

Description: During the start of the academic year 2019, Arizona holds a 21% job vacancy for teachers. At the same time, more than half of the currently hired teachers do not meet Arizona’s certification standards.

The Impact of World War II on Holocaust survivors and Their Mental Health

Description: The world is currently witnessing political instabilities across different regions that have escalated into endless civil wars or armed conflicts with devastating effects on all the parties involved in the wars.

School Violence. Social Sciences. Research Paper.

Description: School violence is one of the disciplinary problems that many schools tend to experience every year. It refers to any activity which can bring a distraction in a school’s education system.

The Nation of Islam History Research Paper Coursework

Description: Organizations and movements are formed to champion for rights of particular groups that are deemed vulnerable. The organizations, however, go through different challenges in different phases of leadership through time. This work highlights and discusses the rise and development

PowerPoint Presentation: Global Supply Chain in the 21st Century

Description: Over the turn of the 21st Century, there has been increasing interest over supply chain management both from an academic and real-life perspective. A global supply chain is “a series of firms networking and outsourcing throughout the globe” (Ibrahim, Zailani, & Tan, 2015, p. 1430).

Current Special Education Law & Finance Education Research Paper

Description: Every year, millions of children across the country are identified with special needs and require unique education at school, which is ideal for meeting their needs. The government has been committed to ensuring that all students, regardless of their special conditions, are provided with equal opportunities

Impacts of Increasing Legalization of Marihuana upon Mental Illness

Description: The world has recently experienced an escalation in the rate of legalization of Marijuana, also referred to as Cannabis and weed (Glynn, 2019). Marijuana is usually extracted from the flowers of Cannabis sativa. Although the proponents of the drug argue that it is good for medicinal or positively

Research Paper Samples