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1 pages/≈275 words
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Style:
APA
Subject:
Health, Medicine, Nursing
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Language:
English (U.S.)
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Total cost:
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Topic:
Hypertension
Other (Not Listed) Instructions:
• Disorder- HTN
• Select one of the following patient factors:
o genetics
o sex
o ethnicity
o age
o individual behavior characteristics, including gender
• Reviewing this week’s Learning Resources, consider the pathophysiology as well as the types of drugs that might be used to treat your assigned disorder.
• Think about how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of the alteration and effects of prescribed drugs.
• Review the clinical care standards and guidelines specific to the assigned disorder.
• Consider resulting maladaptive responses for patients with the assigned disorder.
Post the following related to the condition you were assigned:
• A brief description of the pathophysiology of the disorder you were assigned.
• Explain how the maladaptive and physiological responses of the disorder might differ. Be specific and provide examples.
• Describe the types of drugs that might be prescribed to patients to treat symptoms associated with this disorder and why.
• Explain how the patient factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of the disorder as well as the effects of prescribed drugs you have identified. Be specific and provide examples.
Use the Learning Resources and/or best available evidence from current literature to support your post.
Resources to use
Arcangelo, V., Peterson, A., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. (2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.
Pharmacotherapeutics for Advanced Practice: A Practical Approach 4th Edition by Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. Copyright 2016 by LWW. Reprinted by permission of LWW via the Copyright Clearance Center.
Chapter 19, “Hypertension“ (pp. 257–274)
American College of Cardiology. (2017). New ACC/AHA high blood pressure guidelines lower definition of hypertension.Links to an external site. Retrieved from https://www(dot)acc(dot)org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2017/11/08/11/47/mon-5pm-bp-guideline-aha-2017
Bickley, L. S. (2024). Bates guide to physical examination and history taking (13th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
Chapter 16, “The Cardiovascular System” (pp. 489–557)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. (2018). 2018 clinical practice guidelinesLinks to an external site.. Retrieved from https://www(dot)bcbsnm(dot)com/pdf/cpg_asthma.pdf
Yancy, C. W., Jessup, M., Bozkurt, B., Butler, J., Casey, D. E., Jr., Colvin, M. M., . . . Westlake, C. (2017). 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA focused update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failureLinks to an external site.. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 70(6).
McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier/Mosby.
Chapter 32, “Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems” (pp. 1017–1058)
Other (Not Listed) Sample Content Preview:
Hypertension (HTN)
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Hypertension (HTN)
Pathophysiology of HTN
Hypertension (HTN), commonly referred to as high blood pressure (BP), is when too high pressure is in the blood vessels. Blood pressure is governed by a variety of factors and mechanisms, including renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), cardiac output, peripheral resistance, vasoactive substances, endothelial dysfunction, and the automatic nervous system (Nepali et al., 2022). The cardiac output and the total peripheral resistance (TPR) determine the BP, where an increase in any of them increases the blood pressure. The vasoactive mediators and endothelium work together to regulate the BP. In addition, the overactivation of RAAS leads to high production of angiotensin II, which stimulates aldosterone secretion. This abnormality promotes water and sodium retention, increasing blood volume and pressure.
Regarding the automatic nervous system, a reduced parasympathetic nervous system induces an increased heart rate. The hiked heart rate is associated with high BP while the heart is at rest (diastolic blood pressure). The malfunction of the factors involved in BP control can lead to increases and variations in BP over time (Oparil et al., 2018), either directly or indirectly. These factors and mechanisms steer the development of elevated total peripheral resistance and increased afterload, triggering HTN.
Maladaptive and Physiological Responses of the HTN
HTN triggers both maladaptive and physiological responses that are distinct from one another. Maladaptive responses occur when mechanisms to control BP become overactive or dysfunctions, bringing about further complications. Genetic vulnerabilities linked to HTN, together with environmental risks, lead to neurohumoral dysfunction and advance inflammation and insulin resistance (McCance & Huether, 2019) which are key in the causes of sustained hypertension. For instance, persistent high BP can l...
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