Selecting Sources of Literature

Selecting Sources of Literature
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Selecting sources of literature
For this research, the identified problem in the clinical environment is hypertension (HTN), also referred to as high blood pressure (HBP) in adults. The setting in which HTN can be observed is in essence, primary care settings. At present, patients presenting with this condition are usually given medications including diuretics, beta-blockers, and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors. These drugs have several side effects that patients have complained about. The proposed solution to address the problem is doing exercise to reduce HBP. In this paper, 15 peer-reviewed articles that describe the problem and that support the proposed solution are located. Whilst some are research-based, others are not.
Article 1: the article by Cornelissen and Smart (2013) is research-based. From their research findings, Cornelissen and Smart (2013) established that isometric, dynamic resistance, as well as endurance training reduce systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Combined training reduces only diastolic blood pressure. As such, this article supports my proposed change of doing exercise to reduce HBP rather than the use of medication. The authors assert that the commonness of HBP differs with sex and race, but is between 25 percent and 43 percent of the United States population.
Article 2: According to the American Heart Association or AHA (2013a), nearly 78 million adult Americans have HBP, defined by AHA as HBP readings which are above, or at 140 mm Hg for the upper number or at least 90 for the number at the bottom. Physical activities during free time can assist in keeping one’s blood pressure at a level which is healthy. This has been revealed in a recent research study in the AHA journal Hypertension. HTN is a risk factor for kidney ailment and cardiovascular illness (American Heart Association, 2013a).
Article 3: in their peer-reviewed article Kokkinos and Myers (2010,) stated that chronic essential HTN is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular ailment. The mortality risk increases twofold for each 10 mm Hg increase exceeding the DBP threshold of 75 mm Hg and for each 20 mm Hg rise in SBP exceeding the threshold of 115 mm Hg. The high occurrence of HTN, roughly â…“ of adults in the United States, is partly because of lifestyle factors. Increased exercise capacity is linked to reduced mortality in people who are hypertensive (Kokkinos & Myers, 2010).
Article 4: the journal article by the University of Oregon (2012) revealed that exercising regularly prior to, and for the duration of pregnancy can have positive effects for ladies who develop HBP during gestation. This article is research-based. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, for instance preeclampsia, are very serious complications of pregnancy, and occur to 5% to 8% of pregnancies (University of Oregon, 2012). The data from the research study increase the likelihood that exercise routines is started prior to pregnancy and sustained during pregnancy might be a vital way for ladies to mitigate the risk of preeclampsia (University of Oregon, 2012).
Article 5: The peer-reviewed article by Cornelissen et al. (2011) is research-based. The meta-analysis performed by Cornelissen et al. (2011) supported the blood pressure-reduction potential of isometric handgrip training as well as dynamic resistance training. However, isometric handgrip training might be more effectual for lowering blood pressure in relation to dynamic resistance training (Cornelissen et al., 2011).
Article 6: Pal (2013) in the article noted that exercise appears to improve cardiovascular fitness in the course of the life cycle, improve blood pressure, and is linked to reduced prevalence of HTN as well as coronary heart disease. Aerobic exercise – 4 sets of 8 to 12 repetitions at ten maximum, three days weekly – seems to greatly improve blood pressure (Pal, 2013).
Article 7: Jorge & Paula (2012) stated that aerobic exercise is virtually totally free of secondary effects; it is an imperative adjunctive therapy in the treatment of HTN. There are a number of possible mechanisms to account for the positive effects of doing exercises in lowering BP, the resulting physiological effects typically being categorized as chronic, post-exercise, or acute.
Article 8: The journal-article by Dimeo et al., (2012) is research-based. The findings of the research study revealed that physical activity greatly lowered both diastolic and systolic daytime ambulatory BP by 6 ± 12 mm Hg and 3 ± 7. Exercising regularly lowered BP on exertion and increased physical performance as evaluated by lactate curves and maximum oxygen uptake. Doing exercises can lower BP even in individuals who have low responsiveness to medical treatment. As such, it has to be incorporated in the therapeutic approach to resistant HTN (Dimeo et al., 2012).
Article 9: According to Fox (2012), exercising reduces BP through improving the elasticity of the blood vessels, offering more flexibility, as well as giving less resistance to the flow of blood. Moreover, physical activity has been demonstrated to lower the risk of dying from heart disease by 50 percent (Fox, 2012).
Article 10: O’Connell (2014) in her per-reviewed article stated that HTN is a key risk factor for heart failure, stroke, as well as coronary heart disease. Among treatments for primary intervention, exercising regularly is linked to a reduction in BP, despite of the body mass index.
Article 11: the journal article by Rizvi et al. (2009) is research-based. The level of education along with the level of exercise particularly walking for half an hour for at least 5 days for each week has a substantial role in lowering and controlling blood pressure in individuals with and with no medic...