100% (1)
page:
4 pages/≈1100 words
Sources:
-1
Style:
APA
Subject:
Health, Medicine, Nursing
Type:
Research Paper
Language:
English (U.S.)
Document:
MS Word
Date:
Total cost:
$ 20.74
Topic:

Pathophysiological Processes

Research Paper Instructions:
Hi, I want the topic to be on Sickle cell Anemia Purpose This project is an in-depth investigation of a health condition. It will allow for the expansion of knowledge and the ability to generalize larger concepts to a variety of health conditions. Course outcomes: This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes. 1. Explain the pathophysiologic processes of select health conditions. (PO 1) 2. Predict clinical manifestations and complications of select disease processes. (PO 1, 8) 3. Correlate lifestyle, environmental, and other influences with changes in levels of wellness. (PO 1, 7) Due date: Your faculty member will inform you when this assignment is due. The Late Assignment Policy applies to this assignment. Total points possible: 100 points Preparing the assignment Follow these guidelines when completing this assignment. Speak with your faculty member if you have questions. 1) Select a disease process that interests you. 2) Obtain approval of the selected disease process from the course faculty. a. Faculty will share how to submit your topic choice for approval. 3) Write a 2-3-page paper (excluding title and reference pages). 4) Include the following sections about the selected disease process (detailed criteria listed below and in the Grading Rubric). a. Introduction of disease - 10 points/10% • One paragraph (approximately 200 words) • Includes disease description • Includes epidemiology of disease b. Etiology and risk factors - 20 points/20% • Common causes of the disease or condition • Risk factors for the disease or condition • Impact of age • Prevalence based on gender, • Influence of environment • Genetic basis of disease • Lifestyle influences • All information supported by current literature c. Pathophysiological processes - 20 points/20% • Describes changes occurring at the cellular, tissue, and/or organ level that contribute to the disease process. • Describes adaptation of the cells and body in response to the disease. • Relates disease processes to manifested signs and symptoms. d. Clinical manifestations and complications - 20 points/20% • Describes the physical signs and symptoms that are important in considering the presence of the disease. • Identifies signs that contribute to diagnosis of the condition • Identifies symptoms that contribute to diagnosis of the condition. • Identifies complications of the disease. • Discusses the implications to the patient when complications are left untreated. e. Diagnostics - 10 points/10% • Includes list of common laboratory and diagnostic tests used to determine the presence of the disease. • Discusses the significance of test findings in relation to the disease process. f. Interview - 10 points/10% • Once the student has become familiar with the disorder, it is their responsibility to locate an individual living with the disease process to interview (interviewee). It is recommended that you find an individual first, then complete research and writing on the topic prior to performing the interview. § The interviewee must be at least 18 years old and able to answer questions by themselves § The interviewee must currently have the chronic disease/disorder. If an interviewee has been diagnosed with a disease/disorder but has NO manifestations or complications related to the disorder they DO NOT qualify for the assignment. § Acute infections/diseases DO NOT qualify (pneumonia, urinary tract infection, flu, colds). § The interviewee cannot be a patient from the clinical setting or a patient from your work environment (hospitals, doctor’s office, LTC facility, home health, etc.) § The interviewee may be a relative, friend, colleague, or stranger. § Please use the individual’s own words in relation to their experience with the disease/disorder. • NOTE: This assignment is for educational purposes only. Students are NOT to provide any medical/nursing advice or education to interviewees. Refer interviewee questions to their physician. • Interview Questions § What is the age of the individual being interviewed? What is the relationship of the individual to you? How long have they had the disorder? § What clinical manifestations of the disorder does the individual experience? How does it compare to what you discovered in your resources? § What complications of the disorder does the individual experience? How does this compare to what you discovered in your resources? § What other medical conditions/disorders has the individual been diagnosed with? Do their other medical conditions have any effect on the chosen disorder? § How does the disease affect the individual’s daily living/activities? (repeat hospitalizations, has to take a lot of meds, any activity restrictions, a lot of appointments?) § How does the disease/disorder affect the individual’s outlook on life? (Feel like a burden to family, do they have good family support, feel hopeless, optimistic, good coping mechanisms?) § What did you learn from interviewing the individual? g. APA Style and Organization - 10 points/10% • References are submitted with assignment. • Uses current APA format and is free of errors. • Grammar and mechanics are free of errors. • Paper is 2-3 pages, excluding title and reference pages. • At least two (2) scholarly, primary sources from the last 5 years, excluding the textbook, are provided. For writing assistance, visit the Writing Center. Please note that your instructor may provide you with additional assessments in any form to determine that you fully understand the concepts learned.
Research Paper Sample Content Preview:
Pathophysiological Processes Name Institutional Affiliation Course Name & Number Professor Due date Sickle Cell Anemia Introduction Sickle cell anemia (SCA) refers to a hereditary group of blood disorders that occasion because of the production of abnormal hemoglobin molecules. These molecules alter the round and flexible shape of red blood cells that easily permeates the small blood cells, making them take on a crescent or sickle shape that comes apart easily, potentially resulting in anemia, clumping together and sticking to the walls of blood vessels obstructing them (Tanabe et al., 2019, p. 26). The disease traced its origin in 1910 when Doctors James Herrick and Ernest Irons noticed sickle-shaped red cells in Walter Noel, a student, similar to patterns observed in patients with SCA. According to research findings done in 2000-2021, globally, the disease affects 7.74 million people and about 275,000 people in the United States yearly, resulting in the deaths of approximately 376,000 people every year, making it the 12th most deadly disease in the world (Thomson et al., 2023). In the U.S., it is commonly prevalent among African Americans, who account for 90% of all cases and people from South and Central America, the Caribbean, India, the Mediterranean and South Arabia, accounting for 10% of all cases. According to Kanter, Meier, Hankins, Paulukonis and Snyder (2021), although it is considered a rare disease in the U.S., sickle cell anemia is the most rampant and medically important genetic blood disorder worldwide. Etiology and Risk Factors of Sickle Cell Anemia SCA primarily occurs because of genetics, whereby one inherits two altered hemoglobin genes from both parents. The alteration occurs due to a point mutation on chromosome 11, where a single thymine replaces adenine, causing valine to substitute glutamic acid causing the creation of irregular hemoglobin known as HbS (Elendu et al., 2023, p.3). Consequently, the HbS polymerizes, leading to deformed red blood cells with sickle shapes. The disease results from risk factors such as genetics, where having both parents with the sickle cell gene predisposes one to get the disease, or if one parent is a carrier, one is likely to become a carrier as well (Elendu et al., 2023, p.3). An individual’s race and ethnic group increases their risk of developing the disease. The prevalence of SCA is high in people whose ancestry is African, Indian, Mediterranean, Asian, Hispanic, Middle Eastern and Central and South American (Elendu et al., 2023, p.3).    Age significantly impacts sickle cell anemia, whereby the more one ages, the more severe the symptoms. Children present with jaundice, swelling of hands and feet and fatigue from five to six months, while teenagers experience frequent pain crises and other symptoms, resulting in frequent hospital visits. In adulthood, women experience delayed puberty, increased pain crises before and after menstruation and problems and complications getting pregnant and during pregnancy. Men experience a significant increase in pain crises yearly of 1.6, while women experience a 0.6 increase. Men also face more complications with fertility, infections, cardiovascular complications and a shorter life expectancy (Ceglie et al., 2019, pp. 4-5). Older adults grapple with severe pain crises, complications and permanent damage in at least one organ. Environmental factors, such as climate, quality of air, and social economics, significantly influence the effects of the condition. Climate changes that result in high temperatures worsen the symptoms of SCA, triggering painful crises due to increased blood viscosity and dehydration. Exposure to poor air quality causes breathing difficulties while living in low-income households decreases one’s ability to obtain proper healthcare and manage symptoms. One’s lifestyle can worsen the disease as indulging in alcohol causes dehydration while smoking induces lung conditions that lead to severe pain crises. Being stressed and lacking exercise makes the body unable to relax and rigid, which triggers more sickle cell crisis, fatigue and frequent headaches. Pathophysiological Processes Sickle cell anemia abnormality occurs when valine substitutes glutamic acid at the beta-globin chain, causing abnormal hemoglobin (HbS) to form. With dehydration and low oxygen, HbS are polymerized; deforming red blood cells into long, stiff polymers with a sickle shape (Elendu et al., 2023, p.3). The deformed red blood cells are rigid, are less likely to adapt to changes in the ...
Updated on
Get the Whole Paper!
Not exactly what you need?
Do you need a custom essay? Order right now:

👀 Other Visitors are Viewing These APA Essay Samples:

Sign In
Not register? Register Now!