Chapter 3 Response paper. Introduction to Criminology

Chapter 3: Response Paper. Introduction to Criminology Name: Institution: Course: Instructor: Date: Chapter 3: Response Paper. Introduction to Criminology Define the following: classical criminology, learning theory, and strain theory. The classical criminology phenomenon first emerged in the 18th century, providing the theoretical perspective in criminology. Both Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham spearheaded the introduction of classical criminology. Classical criminology used three philosophies: rational decision-making, free will and deterrence. In their view, an individual can assess the potential benefits and risks of their actions to make concrete decisions regarding criminal behaviour. The solution given in classical criminology is using the legal system relatively and implicating some level of punishment to prevent criminal acts. Learning theory, synonymously known as social learning theory, outlines the role played by socialization and observation in the development of criminal behaviour. Albert Bandura proposes that people learn by seeing their role models and translating their learning to beneficial or essential behaviours. The theory magnifies the role of peer pressure socialization in determining criminal behaviour. Therefore, social interactions and the environment interact singly or synergistically to bring about criminal behaviour. The strain theory explains three factors that influence criminal behaviour: structures in society, culture, and individual criminal behaviour. Robert K. Merton developed the theory. Robert denotes that lack of fulfilment of cultural values and broken societal structures result in the development of criminal behaviour. Every person reacts differently to societal pressures and strains and often develops different coping mechanisms, such as conforming, rebelling, or innovating. Summary of the Reading The article delves into various aspects of crime, a global concern, from the definition of crime to the possible aetiology of criminal behaviour. The theories developed by criminologists try to explain causation or how criminal behaviour occurs. Vividly, the theories explain how individuals conceive criminal behaviours from various lenses. ...