Review and Synthesis of Literature

Summary and Synthesis of Literature Author’s Name Institutional Affiliation Course Code and Name Professor’s Name Date Synthesis and Application of Literature Article1: Summary and Synthesis of Literature The study done by Trumbo et al. (2019) exploration of overuse of chest-X-rays in hospitals ICU is the point of the relation its strikes with PICO question and research problem that investigates impact of on-demand X-rays as compared to routine care chest X-rays in ICU. As such the study relates to the problem under research as it provides a de-implement strategy to reduce the low value care. It finds that the strategy of de-implementing daily routing chest X-ray protocol ordering helps reduce costs and adverse events in the ICU. The study recommends the use of on-demand x-rays, which is presents an opportunity for ICUs to reduce costs, improve patient outcomes, and provide high clinical value. Based on the findings of the study, it is apparent that using on-demand X-rays protocol for patients in ICUs provide a platform to decrease over adverse events and amount of X-ray exposure to patients. Implementation of the strategy has a significant reduction of costs and with no harm to patient suggest the need to removal or less use of CXRs in ICUs. Article 2: Summary and Synthesis of Literature According to the study, the CXRs is traditionally obtained daily to patient that mainly have problem for patient with breathing issues in ICUs. As a result, Keveson et al. (2017) conducted research with an aim of excessive use of CXRs in the ICU as a strategy to reduce or even eliminate its adverse effects. The study finds out that it is important to educate medical staff the need to avoid overutilization of CXRs and use simplified strategies that can provide a platform to avoid adverse effects and cost associated with CXRs. They the point of intersection between the aim and findings of the study with PICO question (Keveson et al., 2017). As the PICO question emphasized the need of using simplified protocols such as the on-demand X-rays in place of daily routine chest X-rays to reduce the adverse events and costs, the study recommends to medical staff the importance of reducing overutilization of CXRs and employe simplified methods in the ICU. This study evaluated all patient census days that were associated with IMV in both the MICU and SICU, excluding admission days, and days a procedure warranted a CXR, and determined this metric as an included ventilator day (IVD). Then they established the amount of monthly CXRs performed during an IVD, and established a metric described as CXRs ordered per 1000 IVDs (Keveson et al., 2017). The education portion of the intervention took place between June 2013 and March 2014. It involved all critical care nursing, respiratory, physicians, radiology technicians, and resident physicians rotating through the ICU. Article 3: Summary and Synthesis of Literature In the study conducted by Laroia et al. (2021), most intensive care units (ICUs) use chest radiography frequently as the primary imaging modality because of its portability availability of its information, and image acquisition. The article provides information that relates to the research problem and PICO question as it presents information about the importance of restricting the use of chest radiographs in the ICU or their overuse only to when there is dire need and seek for other alternative techniques such as lung ultrasound that has shown promise among the ICU patients Laroia et al. (2021). The article suggest that the use of chest radiographs is only important and appropriate during the early stages of patient admission and transfer to intensive care units. Reducing its use will reduce the adverse effects by the radiation doses and costs for organ sensitivity...