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Please answer each of the questions

Essay Instructions:
Please answer each of the questions. 1. Examine each of the graphs in chapter 6. Why is the choice of the scale used on the X and Y axis so important when communicating the results of a single system research design? What guidelines would you use when choosing axis scales? 2. Define internal and external validity. Why is external validity a major issue for single system research designs? How might the role of history as an internal threat be minimized in a single system research design. 3. Watch this short video on the Hawthorne Effect https://www(dot)youtube(dot)com/watch?v=Y4mOOvDAsts. What lessons about controlling for alternative explanations can we learn from the Hawthorne Experiments? Note: Chapter 6 starts on page 84 in the file.
Essay Sample Content Preview:
Research Designs Student’s Name University Course Professor Date Research Designs The Choice of the Scale Used On the X and Y Axis One of the challenges researchers encounter while implementing a single-system research design is deciding on the scale utilized on the X and Y axes because it determines the clarity of the results portrayed. For example, when looking at Figure 6. 1 and Figure 6. 2 of the textbook, the axes help us analyze information on burglaries and pregnancy rates (Royse et al., 2016). In such designs, the variables are usually in the form of observations taken at different times or under different conditions within the same system. Therefore, the axes should depict the range and variability of the measured variables as shown in Fig 6. 3 and 6. 4. Some of the considerations when selecting the axis scales include the fact that the scales should allow for the clear representation of the data points without leaving large empty areas as shown in Figure 6. 5 presents the proportion of receptionists. Other guidelines include using uniform spacing that may be used to easily compare measures and general changes for visuals that do not distort aspects like axes or scales (Royse et al., 2016). In following t...
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