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2 pages/≈550 words
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2
Style:
APA
Subject:
Social Sciences
Type:
Essay
Language:
English (U.S.)
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Topic:
Explore the connection between a sensory system and cognitive functioning.
Essay Instructions:
This assignment assesses the following Course Outcome:
PS215-3: Explore the connection between a sensory system and cognitive functioning.
GEL-1.02: Demonstrate college-level communication through the composition of original materials in Standard English.
This assignment will help you build an understanding of sensory systems and the neural mechanisms that allow us to perceive and interpret the world. You will explore the mechanisms involved in vision and hearing by writing a 2-3-page expository paper. Beginning with the role of the retina in converting light into neural signals and the crucial functions of photoreceptor cells, then moving on to the visual cortex, you will discuss visual perception and examine the contributions of the ventral and dorsal processing streams. Shifting to the auditory domain, you will describe the anatomy and function of the ear, specifically the cochlea's conversion of sound into neural signals. You will also explore the auditory cortex's role in auditory perception, as well as the functions of the ventral and dorsal auditory processing streams.
In your assignment,
Examine the similarities and differences in the neural processing of auditory and visual information in the human brain. How does the auditory system convert sound into neural signals, and how does this compare to the visual system's transformation of light into neural signals?
Discuss the roles of key sensory structures such as the cochlea and the retina. How do the auditory and visual cortices perform their distinct functions?
Describe the neural pathways and processing streams (ventral and dorsal) involved in vision and hearing.
How does the information in your unit reading add to your understanding of how our brains perceive and interpret auditory and visual stimuli?
Your assignment should be a 2-3-page expository paper, not including the title and reference pages, and should include the following elements:
Title page: Provide your name, title of assignment, course and section number, and date.
Body: Answer all the questions in complete sentences and paragraphs.
The assignment must be written in Standard English and demonstrate superior organization, including a highly developed viewpoint and purpose.
The communication of your thoughts must be highly ordered, logical, and unified, displaying exceptional content, organization, style, and mechanics (including the use of correct grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure).
Reference page: Sources listed in current APA format.
Include a minimum of two scholarly or academic sources, including the textbook and at least one journal article from the PG Library to support your responses and conclusions.
Use Arial or Times New Roman 12-point font, double-spaced, left-aligned.
Use current APA formatting and citation style.
If you need assistance with APA version 7 style, please visit Academic Writer.
Essay Sample Content Preview:
Sensorineural Processes of the Visual and Auditory Systems
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1 The hearing process starts at the outer ear, where the sound waves vibrate the Tympanic membrane, shake the middle ear, and then transform into neural impulses by the inner ear. These vibrations pass through pieces of the ear called ossicles. Then, the vibrations get to the cochlea, which is in the organ of Corti, and hair cells change the mechanical energy to electrical energy conducted to the brain through the cochlear nerve. (Nourski, 2017; Peterson et al., 2018; Splittgerber, 2019, p. 341).
On the other hand, the visual system translates light into neural impulses through the direct passage of light into the eye and focusing on the retina. The photoreceptors, called rods and cones, located in the retina, convert the effect of the light stimulus into electrical impulses via the optic nerve to the ganglion cells of the retina and further to the brain. The auditory and visual processes have specific receptor cells to convert physical stimuli into neural impulses. However, they differ in sense category (auditory and vision) and pathway structure, respectively (Huff & Tadi, 2019; Garrett & Hough, 2021).
2
Cochlea and Retina
The cochlea and retina are vital organs or structures of the auditory and visual organs. The cochlea is a portion of the inner ear that carries the Organ of Corti. Here, the hair cells convert the sensation to electrical signals and transmit it to the cochlear nerve. This nerve transmutes it to the auditory cortex (Driver & Kelley, 2020; Peterson et al., 2018). In contrast, the retina comprises the photoreceptor cells, namely, the rods and cones, that perceive light and initiate the conversion of light energy to electrical impulses. The rods are responsible for perceiving visual sensations with low light, while the cones detect color vision and bright light. These signals, when undergoing amplification, travel through an area of specialized neurons known as retinal ganglion cells and are sent to the CNS with the help of the optic nerve (Fain & Sampath, 2018).
Auditory and Visual Cortices
The superior temporal gyrus is one of the parts of the brain where the hearing function is located. The primary auditory cortex changes frequency while other regions are involved in other processes of Auditory processing, including speech recognition (Noursk...
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