Unit 9 assignment Human behavior and the enviroment

To prepare for this assignment, please watch the following video about the Institute on Aging’s Friendship Line and review their website. The Friendship Line was created in 1973 as both a crisis intervention hotline and a warmline for non-emergency emotional support calls for adults aged 60 and over. Then, watch Loneliness Challenges: Jo's Story. Review the developmental considerations in assessment in late adulthood on page 497 of the text and complete the following assessment (be sure to include biological, psychological, and social factors). Use the Unit 9 Assignment Template to note your responses to the assignment questions Please address all of the following: .Presenting Problem What is (are) Jo’s problem(s)? Provide a list. .Predisposing Factors Identify at least two factors that contributed to the development of the problem(s) throughout her life. Categorize each factor as biological, psychological, or social. .Precipitating Factors Why is she seeking help now? (You may have to create your answer to this question based on the video. Why do you imagine that she might be calling the Friendship Line?) .Perpetuating Factors Identify at least two factors that are reinforcing or maintaining her problem(s). Categorize each factor as biological, psychological, or social. .Protective Factors What strengths can Jo draw on? .Imagine that you are on the phone with Jo. What three questions would you like to ask her, based on your biopsychosocial assessment above? (Be sure to consult the developmental considerations in late adulthood on page 497 of your text.) .What intervention would you suggest for Jo? CLIENT UPDATE+++++ ate adulthood on page 497 of your text. Study Table Social Dimension in Late Adulthood Groups and Families Older adults are a product of their backgrounds, their culture, parenting, neighborhoods, etc. The physical and social environments continue to affect older people’s growth and development. Family is the first line of support when older people need help. With longer life spans, there are many multigenerational families. Spouses, adult children, and then siblings provide more support for older adults. There are many forms of family; some are created by upgrading neighbors or friends to a “fictive kin” role. More men than women are married in later life. Unattached older women are more available, and unattached older men are scarcer. Late-life marriages are characterized by fewer disagreements and increased satisfaction. Marital satisfaction predicts life satisfaction. Illness or disability in one of the partners affects the other partner. Spouses usually serve as primary caregiver as long as possible. Couples compensate for each other’s physical and sensory impairments. Older homosexuals may have suffered oppression and hostility because of their sexual preferences. They may not be “out” even to family, and some of their unique needs may be overlooked by service providers. Adjustment to widowhood varies widely. A warm, intimate relationship and reliance on the partner for instrumental tasks predict a harder adjustment, as does lack of adequate family and social support. Because older widows outnumber older widowers, remarriage is much more common for men who lose a spouse. Women who are widowed sometimes relish their independence after the period of bereavement. Two divergent theories of parent–child ties in later life are solidarity and ambivalence. The majority of older adults are in frequent contact with their grown children, and social workers often include family members in assessment and treatment of older people. Daughters are usually elected to be the primary caregivers, but sons also provide a lot of informal care to older parents. Becoming a grandparent allows an opportunity to leave a legacy. The relationship is mediated by the adult child but will change as the grandchild grows. Grandparenting styles vary according to many factors, such as geographic location, and stronger links may exist with maternal relatives. Many grandparents care for grandchildren, and many have custody, providing kinship care for children when the parents cannot. Communities and Support Systems Friends play important roles in old age as curators of emotional history. Friends of similar age and marital status tend to provide the most important sources of support and are especially important to elders who live alone or are childless. Although some older adults retire early to pursue other interests or because of attractive pension offers, many older adults work beyond normal retirement age. Many retirees work because they need money, but others report they want to remain productive. Forty percent of older people do volunteer work, and many experience enhanced well-being. Retirement is a major transition and can be seen as a process from honeymoon through disenchantment, to reorientation and routine. Health and income adequacy are important predictors of successful adjustment. Living on a fixed income can make life difficult for some retirees who may not have adequate savings or other sources of income. About 9.4% of older adults live below the poverty level and are more likely to stay there. Older women, women of color, and those who worked at low-paying or part-time jobs are hardest hit. Many older people wish to age in place. Difficulties arise when health conditions or disabilities make living at home impractical or impossible. NORCS have arisen in many established neighborhoods, where older people remain in their homes and start to require in-home services. Person–environment congruence refers to the fit of an older person and his or her residence; environmental press means that the level of challenge in the environment has become too intense. Geriatric care managers help families determine appropriate services and when a move out of the home may be needed. Senior housing and long-term care often overlap. Age-segregated congregate housing provides many services for residents. Options include independent-living apartments, adult foster-care homes, ALFs, or continuing care retirement communities. Nursing homes house approximately 4.5% of older adults, but 17% of those over age 85. Newer models of nursing homes provide more homelike environments. Social workers play important roles in nursing-home admissions and adjustment of residents and families after they move in. Multicultural, Gender, and Spiritual Considerations Older adults of color have a history of social oppression and reduced opportunities that affect their perspectives today and contribute to higher rates of poverty in late life. Recent immigrants may have poor English-language skills and lack social integration. Ethnic minority cultures tend to value extended family and mutual assistance among members of different generations. A higher proportion of African-American elders are unmarried and live alone; they receive support from extended family and fictive kin from church and neighborhood. Older women are disproportionately in poverty, unmarried, and living alone. Their longevity leaves them susceptible to higher rates of chronic illness and institutionalization. Ageism, sexism, and racism all operate to keep poverty rates high for older women of color. Our youth-oriented society makes it difficult for older women to feel positive about their physical selves as they age and experience disabilities. Social Strengths, Hazards, and Risks Having the support of family, spouses or partners, friends, or neighbours and having planned for retirement and possessing adequate finances constitute social strengths for older adults. The mobility to participate in paid or volunteer work and to socialize with friends and family are other strengths. Accepting dependency should it arise is another strength that helps older adults adjust well and avoid social isolation. Elder abuse includes physical, emotional, financial, or sexual mistreatment, or neglect of needs. Self-neglect occurs when an independent older person is incapable of necessary self-care. An estimated one in four incidents of elder abuse is reported to authorities. Adult Protective Services (APS) investigates reports of elder abuse. Most abusers are family members. Caregiver impairments play a major role in elder abuse Friendship Line: https://vimeo(dot)com/83806860 their website: https://www(dot)ioaging(dot)org/services/friendship-line/ The video: https://www(dot)youtube(dot)com/watch?v=BxBsg-UKeAQ