History and Systems of Psychology

History and Systems of Psychology Student’s Name Institution Course # and Name Professor’s Name Submission Date William of Ockham’s Influence on the History of Psychology The philosophical principles and methodological contributions of William of Ockham have influenced the evolution of psychology from as early as the 14th century. He is mainly recognized for his principle of parsimony, commonly called Ockham’s Razor. This principle emphasizes simplicity and caution in scientific and philosophical reasoning. Psychologists prefer entities that have the most straightforward explanation and fewest assumptions. This applies to designing experiments, data interpretation, and developments in cognitive psychology. Psychological theories and research methodologies are designed using the principle of parsimony. Ockham's Razor has guided psychologists to construct theories that are not overly complex and to prefer explanations that require fewer hypothetical constructs. Moreover, William emphasized the importance of empirical observation in psychology. During his lifespan, psychologists solely relied on intuition and their life experiences to generate theories (Brower-Toland, 2023). William’s skepticism towards abstract concepts was a precursor to the empirical and modern approaches that characterize modern psychology. Overview of Thomas Hobbes’s Laws of Social Life. Historically, territories that emerged in Europe in earlier centuries aimed at promoting and defending Christianity. This means that the Bible was a reference for all actions, and the leaders in these territories justified their actions using this doctrine. Thomas Hobbes argued that political systems should be assessed based on their role in securing social peace, not adhering to and glorifying specific religions. The laws of nature posited by Hobbes were based on the philosophy that huma...