Darwinism: Describe Charles Darwin as a Naturalist

Darwinism
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Introduction
Charles Darwin a naturalist, developed the biological evolution theory called Darwinism, which supports that organism species developed and arose via natural selection. This natural selection comes from inherited variations that make the individual have the capacity to survive, compete and reproduce. Darwinism has broad concepts that include species transmutation and evolution (Darwin, 1859). These concepts became acceptable after the publishing of the “On the Origin of Species” by Darwin in 1859. Darwinism has been adapted to mean the origin of life and it has been applied to concepts of evolution and natural selection (Lennox, 2015). Henry Huxley came up with the term Darwinism which described evolutionary concepts and modern evolutionary theory (Costa, 2014).
Darwin’s first entry formulates Darwin`s Darwinism. This comes in terms of five philosophies that include 1) chance and probability, 2) the scope, nature and power of selection, 3) teleology and adaptation, 4) essentialism versus nominalism of species, and 5)the mode and the tempo of evolutionary change (Darwin, 1859: Costa, 2014). Darwin’s approach to revolution is seen by critics as an approach to these themes. Darwinism has undoubtedly developed in various ways which were unforeseen by Darwin and Darwin`s proponents and critics, and this is differentiated from other evolutionary approaches just by focusing on these themes (Lennox, 2015).
Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin, an English naturalist became a renowned figure in the history of evolution. He went to the Christ College in Cambridge and here, he became part of a scientist team that explored the world. For five years, he went through a global voyage in a H.M.S. Beangle ship, where he discovered Galapagos Islands of South America (Costa, 2014). In his journey, he collected samples of flora and fauna from all over the world. When he got home, he spent twenty years of his life analysing the collected flora and fauna samples as he prepared for a theory of natural selection. With correspondence from Wallace, a fellow scientist, they worked on the samples of the flora and fauna archipelago (Slotten, 2010). The views of both Wallace and Darwin coincided and this prompted Darwin to write his book “Origin of the Species”. The book explained vividly the “theory of natural selection” and this was popularly referred to as Darwinism (Kutschera & Uwe., 2013).
Darwin`s Darwinism
When Darwin opened the species notebook he noted that the only process that could eventually produce a systematic pattern in the fossil record and a peculiar biogeographic distribution of species would be evolution (Costa, 2014).This made him understand widely and deeply that it was a process that was slow and it facilitated the gradual transformation of species. He would then need to come up with a causal and natural theory that would acknowledge the transformation of the species (Kutschera & Uwe., 2013). Every element of the theory would have to recognise the present causes in operation and the causes that would be empirically investigated. The problem and methodological constrains were already advocated by Charles Lyell (Lyell, 1991). Additionally, Sir John Herschel had philosophically defended them (Lennox, 2015).
There were expectation of reactions which he received from religious conservative colleagues like Sedgwick. Sedgwick had written a review that expressed his views as a deep aversion of the theory due to its unflinching materialism. He alluded that the theory repudiates final causes and it indicated a demoralized reckoning on its advocates (Lennox, 2015). Darwin however did not expect Lyell’s denial of openly endorsing the theory and Herschel`s refusal of the key elements of the theory (Lyell, 1991). The reaction from those that shared the Darwinian philosophical form on the scientific theory, confirmation and explanation would be considered. Darwinism as a theory is a series of causal elements that are working together to result in the expected transformation (Lennox, 2015; Kutschera & Uwe., 2013).
The theory
The theory was made up of certain principles and causal elements: The species are made up of units which vary slightly from one another despite their many traits. In addition, the species tend to grow in numbers over generations at a certain geometric rate (Darwin, 1859). The tendency when checked using the language of Thomas Malthus “On the Principle of Population,” through scarce resources, predators and diseases, creates a struggles for survival for each species member (Lennox, 2015).
Some species do possess particular variations that put them at an advantage over the others in this struggle for survival. These variations would pave way for an efficient and better means of accessing resources, forming a resistance to diseases and a high success of avoiding predators (Darwin, 1859). Therefore, such species would be inclined to a higher survival chance and they would leave a higher number of offspring as compared to the others without variations (Darwin, 1859; Lennox, 2015). Their offspring will also tend to inherit the variations from their parents. This would then mean that favourable and efficient variations would be passed on more than others would, and therefore, the variations would be preserved. This is what Darwin referred to as “natural selection.” (Lennox, 2015)
Furthermore, in a period of time, and in an environment that is slowly changing, this process will lead to the changes in the character of the species (Slotten, 2010). In a longer period of time. The descendant population of a species that is an ancestor, would show a difference in each other and it could be categorized as a different species. This is a process that is capable of indefinite iteration. Moreover, the theory states that there exists forces that would encourage divergence in descendant populations and result in the elimination of the immediate varieties (Costa, 2014).
There is no element that exists in this theory that would be incapable of an empirical investigation. Devout and orthodox Christians would definitely have issues to raise about this particular theory, which is understandable due to their religious beliefs (Lenn...