Type 1 Diabetes, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Nephrotic Syndrome, and Physiology of Mania

Exam 2 –Nursing and Medicine
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You see a 65-year-old who presents with a new diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes. He states, "My granddaughter has this disease too, she was diagnosed at age 5 and takes insulin." How will you respond to this patient? Make sure you explain the differences between Type 1 and 2 diabetes thoroughly including symptoms and pathophysiology. (20 points). Ѕ page
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is one of the chronic childhood diseases, which occurs because the pancreas organ does not make enough insulin. The risk of developing diabetes is inherited, not diabetes itself. Insulin is a hormone that regulates the blood sugar level not to be too high or too low. Type 1 diabetes can be autoimmune or nonimmune. In autoimmune-mediated diabetes (type 1A) the environmental-genetic factors may result in the destruction of the pancreatic beta cells. Autoimmune type 1 diabetes is called type 1A. Nonimmune type 1 diabetes (type 1B) is less common (Anquetil et al., 2018). This occurs secondary to other diseases, such as pancreatitis, and especially in people of African or Asian descent and there are varying degrees of insulin deficiency in people living with on immune type 1 diabetes. In type 2 diabetes mellitus. The ability to produce insulin does not disappear but the body has a resistance to the insulin hormone. In early stages of the disease, the amount of insulin produced by the pancreas is normal or high, but production may decrease. Many organs contribute to the insulin resistance and chronic high blood sugar levels linked to type 2 diabetes. The common symptoms are increased thirst and frequent urination, increased hunger, frequent fatigue, slow-healing sores, weight loss and blurred vision
Denise, a 33-year-old previously healthy female, presents to your office with complaints of fatigue and lower extremity weakness. Her medical history is negative except for a URI about 3 weeks ago. She is an active runner but has noticed she had to stop in the last two weeks because of clumsiness. She complains of numbness in her lower legs and incredible amounts of fatigue. Her neurological exam indicates decreased light touch in her lower legs and feet, decreased DTRs in her Achilles and patella and overall weakness of her lower extremities. She has some foot drop. Diagnostic testing is negative for pregnancy. What is the most likely diagnosis given this scenario? Explain the pathology of this disorder. Make sure you explain the physiology of common symptoms of this disorder. What is the normal course of disorder? How would you explain this disease to her? (25 points) Ѕ page
Guillain-Barrй syndrome is the likely cause of the symptoms and this is a post infectious autoimmune acquired disorder that affects the peripheral nervous system because of damage to the myelin nerve sheath. The immune system attacks the healthy cells and affects the nervous system. Then, attacking the nerves causes weakness in the limbs, and the syndrome is triggered by bacterial or viral infections, and is not hereditary, and the main symptoms and signs begin when there is muscle weakness in the lower limbs, which causes difficulty walking, decreased light touch (Moore & Shepard, 2014). There is also decrease or absence of the response is obtained by applying mechanical stimulus, tingling, numbness and pain in the lower extremities as well as pain in the back, and in extreme cases causes paralysis of the trunk, and the neck. Examination of cerebrospinal fluid ...