Issue Analysis

Essay Instructions:

Resources The following are necessary resources for the condition you chose to study for your final project. These resources will help you find trends describing that condition. We will begin using them this week in your discussions, to point to trends within your chosen condition. Online DatabasesLinks to an external site. MedBullets Epidemiology SummariesLinks to an external site. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)Links to an external site. World Health Organization: International Agency for Research on Cancer Global Cancer ObservatoryLinks to an external site. National Institutes of Health Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) ProgramLinks to an external site. World Health Organization Global Health Observatory Indicator ViewsLinks to an external site. DSAIDE - A collection of Shiny/R AppsLinks to an external site. (Basic SIR Model) NHANES Shiny AppLinks to an external site. In module 1 you submitted your project topic for instructor approval. Now, it is time to get started on your root cause analysis (Part 1). In this first section, you will provide a description of your chosen disease or condition. Completing this part will require a literature search. You will need to use the Excelsior University LibraryLinks to an external site. to ensure that you find peer-reviewed research studies. You need to include at least three (3) peer-reviewed articles. (Hint: if you need help, you can call, live-chat, or e-mail with a librarian.) Make sure to include the following information: State the disease you have chosen and the most important associated rate of mortality or morbidity. Explain the natural history of this condition, including the incubation period (for infectious diseases) or the latency period (for chronic conditions). Describe the host, the agent, and the environment, which may interact within the same ecological system and all or some of which may have contributed to this condition. Conclude this section with a problem statement. This problem statement names the health issue, indicates who is affected, states where it is occurring and, if known, the extent of the problem. Within the problem statement, please be sure to include the population that is being studied. Your introduction should be 2-3 double-spaced pages, not including your title page and reference pages. Section headings are required. APA formatting is required. If you need help with APA formatting, please visit the Excelsior Online Writing LabLinks to an external site.. You will also work on the quantification of disease section (Part 2). In this section, you will continue your research on the condition you have selected. Completing this part will require a literature search. Make sure to include the following information: Provide data pertaining to the morbidity and mortality rates for the condition you have chosen and in the country or geographic locale you have chosen. Research and/or calculate one morbidity rate (e.g. incidence or prevalence) and Research and/or calculate at least two mortality rates (e.g. cause-specific mortality rate, gender-specific mortality rate, race-specific mortality rate etc.) for the condition in that county, state, or geographic locale. Please explain why race-specific mortality rate may provide a more complete understanding of a disease than an all-cause mortality rate. If county is chosen, then compare this data to the state or national level. If national data is chosen, then compare to another country. Review 2-3 observational health studies (cross-sectional, prospective cohort, retrospective cohort, case control, or experimental) related to the disease, in which a measure of association (odds ratio or risk ratio) for the disease is presented. The studies do not need to be based on the geographic area you selected. Explain the process behind how the authors of the research-based health study concluded which measure of association to use. In your explanation, specify all measures used to calculate the ratio (as applicable: proportion, risk rate, and attributable risk) and a description of what those numbers represent. Summarize the authors' methods and their findings. Propose an optimal study design for your chosen condition and explain what measure of association would be ideal for the condition. Please include the selection criteria in the design selected. Provide a description of the condition you have chosen by person (racial and gender distribution), place (geographic distribution), or time (Health trends from one point in time to another). Present this information using two of the following (table, a graph and/or a chart). Make sure to provide a narrative description of the table, graph, or chart. This section should be 2-3 double-spaced pages. Section headings and APA formatting are required. If you need help with APA formatting, please visit the Excelsior Online Writing LabLinks to an external site..

Essay Sample Content Preview:

Issue Analysis Student’s Name Institution of Affiliation Course Name Instructor’s Name Date Issue Analysis Part 1 The Disease and Associated Rate of Mortality Currently, opioid epidemic is a worldwide health problem that has become so apparent with an increase in the number of people abusing opioids. The last 25 years have been the most notable around the world following the dramatic increase in the recorded cases of opioid misuse. A 2017 survey showed that 12 million people living in the U.S. were using opioids in an abusive manner (Jalali et al., 2020). Of this, about 47,000 were killed through opioid misuse. Further, the issue of opioid epidemic in the United States is of high concern because between 2001 and 2016 the number of people misusing opioids had increased by approximately 345% (Jalali et al., 2020). The international epidemic has not been any different since the number of people dying due to the abuse of opioids is increasing steadily. In 2019, the number of deaths caused by drug abuse was approximately 600,000 (WHO, 2023). Roughly 80% of these deaths were opioid-related. The State Health Access Data Assistance Center (SHADAC) (2023) elaborates on this issue further by showing that in the U.S., the opioid crisis has caused a nearly six-fold increase in the death rate. There is statistical evidence to corroborate this, since the number of opioid-related deaths increased from 17,500 in 2001 to over 106,000 in 202 (SHADAC, 2023). The Natural History of This Condition The opioid epidemic has been an issue for quite some time, considering that it became a notable crisis in the United States in the 1990s (Congressional Research Service, 2022). The crisis has continued to intensify following the marketing of newly formulated opioid prescriptions, such as Oxycontin. Research by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) affirmed that between 1999 and 2010, the amount of opioid prescription sales had almost quadrupled. The rise in the number of opioid prescription sales translated to increased opioid-involved overdose deaths. The increase in the opioid epidemic during this period is what scholars refer to as the first wave of the opioid crisis. In 2016, the misuse of opioid prescription was at the pick to the extent that opioid drug misuse surpassed the use of heroin and other prescription drugs. Fentanyl was the reason behind opioid misuse, as the drug is 50 times stronger than heroin (Congressional Research Service, 2022). As a result, this opioid is preferred by individuals looking for a “high” more than that of heroin. The bigger picture about this is that between 2015 and 2020, the number of opioid-related deaths, especially fentanyl misuse, has doubled. Contributory Factors to This Condition Various factors contribute to opioid misuse, and they span from individual, sociodemographic, psychosocial, mental, and biological domains. The individual contributory factors may include the likelihood of exposure to opioids, entry into treatment, and initiation of opioid misuse (Jalali et al., 2020). These factors usually overlap with others, such as opioid prescriptions for pain. Research shows that pain is a core element linked with the high prevalence of opioid misuse. The majority of people seeking pain treatment are p...

Updated on August 14, 2024

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