Essay Available:
Pages:
4 pages/≈1100 words
Sources:
2
Style:
APA
Subject:
Health, Medicine, Nursing
Type:
Essay
Language:
English (U.S.)
Document:
MS Word
Date:
Total cost:
$ 17.28
Topic:
Diagnosis, Staging , and Three Complications of Cancer
Essay Instructions:
Write a paper (1,250-1,750 words) describing the approach to care of cancer. In addition, include the following in your paper:
Describe the diagnosis and staging of cancer.
Describe at least three complications of cancer, the side effects of treatment, and methods to lessen physical and psychological effects.
Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the
rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.
You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Refer to the directions in the Student Success Center. Only Word documents can be submitted to Turnitin.
Essay Sample Content Preview:
Name
Course number
Instructor’s name
Date
Cancer is a prevalent disease in the twenty first century and it affects people across all demographics. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary in diagnosis, staging, treatment and management of the disease. Cancer treatment results in complications and side effects that may be life threatening and thus patients require various types of support. Family, friends, support groups, psychologists, counselors, and medical practitioners all have a pertinent role in supporting patients through their care and recovery.
Diagnosis and staging of cancer seeks to establish two main factors namely where it may be located and to what extent it affects the body. Diagnosis often includes a laboratory tests. During diagnosis, a tissue in the affected area is assessed under a microscope. The tissue for examination is obtained through either an endoscopy, surgical or needle biopsy. Biopsy allows doctors to determine whether or not the suspicious tumor is cancerous, the type and the aggressiveness. Before initiating treatment, doctors stage it to ascertain the extent of its spread in the body. They use different tests such as imaging and blood tests to ascertain the position of the cancer cells and the extent of their spread to other areas.
There are four different kinds of staging that can be performed on a cancer patient. The first one is clinical staging, which involves physical examination; the second is pathologic staging which combines the clinical staging results with the results of surgical evaluation. The other two types are performed either after a patient goes through full therapy or if the cancer relapses after treatment. All the types of staging are necessary in informing the prognosis and the most effective treatment plan (California Cancer Registry, 2013).
To stage, doctors may use other methods such as computed tomography, bone marrow biopsy x-rays or blood tests. Staging is primarily done using the TNM system. The system involves evaluating the tumor in terms of its size and how extensive it may be. It also evaluates whether it affects lymph nodes and finally an assessment of distant metastasis (California Cancer Registry, 2013). Cancer may be classified as cancer in situ, localized or one that has spread to other areas either by direct extension, by involvement of lymph nodes or by evidence of distant metastatic. In the zero stage, the cancer is situated on the organ of genesis but does not affect adjacent tissues. In the first stage it slightly affects the adjacent tissues, in the second stage two it is spread to the adjacent tissues such as the lymph nodes, in stage three, the cancer extensively affects the main organ, lymph nodes and surrounding tissues and in stage four it affects other organs and systems of the body (Coburn, et al., 2008).
Cancer may create complications in the gastrointestinal system. Such complications arise from reasons such as stress, depression, immobility and its associated constipation. It is common for patients to experience diarrhea particularly when their cancer affects their colon. Radiation on the abdomen section of the body may also cause enteritis. Diarrhea may also result in dehydration and a patient’s dietary appetite. Other patients experience emotional complications such as delirium particularly older ones with advanced level cancers (National Cancer Center, 2013).
The patients may lose sight of reality and have difficulties in cognition. Loss of memory, hyperactivity or being unresponsive to happenings in the surroundings is also common. Such experiences may also be accompanied by inability to control their muscles, shortened attention spans and compromised judgment (National Cancer Center, 2013). This may also result from depression that accompanies treatment and the physical toll it takes on the patient’s body.
It is also common for patients to have compromised immunity due to reduced number of white blood cells. Patients become more susceptible to bacterial infections and are also encourage avoiding bruises and cuts as they can easily be infected. Cuts and bruises are unable to clot and s...
Course number
Instructor’s name
Date
Cancer is a prevalent disease in the twenty first century and it affects people across all demographics. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary in diagnosis, staging, treatment and management of the disease. Cancer treatment results in complications and side effects that may be life threatening and thus patients require various types of support. Family, friends, support groups, psychologists, counselors, and medical practitioners all have a pertinent role in supporting patients through their care and recovery.
Diagnosis and staging of cancer seeks to establish two main factors namely where it may be located and to what extent it affects the body. Diagnosis often includes a laboratory tests. During diagnosis, a tissue in the affected area is assessed under a microscope. The tissue for examination is obtained through either an endoscopy, surgical or needle biopsy. Biopsy allows doctors to determine whether or not the suspicious tumor is cancerous, the type and the aggressiveness. Before initiating treatment, doctors stage it to ascertain the extent of its spread in the body. They use different tests such as imaging and blood tests to ascertain the position of the cancer cells and the extent of their spread to other areas.
There are four different kinds of staging that can be performed on a cancer patient. The first one is clinical staging, which involves physical examination; the second is pathologic staging which combines the clinical staging results with the results of surgical evaluation. The other two types are performed either after a patient goes through full therapy or if the cancer relapses after treatment. All the types of staging are necessary in informing the prognosis and the most effective treatment plan (California Cancer Registry, 2013).
To stage, doctors may use other methods such as computed tomography, bone marrow biopsy x-rays or blood tests. Staging is primarily done using the TNM system. The system involves evaluating the tumor in terms of its size and how extensive it may be. It also evaluates whether it affects lymph nodes and finally an assessment of distant metastasis (California Cancer Registry, 2013). Cancer may be classified as cancer in situ, localized or one that has spread to other areas either by direct extension, by involvement of lymph nodes or by evidence of distant metastatic. In the zero stage, the cancer is situated on the organ of genesis but does not affect adjacent tissues. In the first stage it slightly affects the adjacent tissues, in the second stage two it is spread to the adjacent tissues such as the lymph nodes, in stage three, the cancer extensively affects the main organ, lymph nodes and surrounding tissues and in stage four it affects other organs and systems of the body (Coburn, et al., 2008).
Cancer may create complications in the gastrointestinal system. Such complications arise from reasons such as stress, depression, immobility and its associated constipation. It is common for patients to experience diarrhea particularly when their cancer affects their colon. Radiation on the abdomen section of the body may also cause enteritis. Diarrhea may also result in dehydration and a patient’s dietary appetite. Other patients experience emotional complications such as delirium particularly older ones with advanced level cancers (National Cancer Center, 2013).
The patients may lose sight of reality and have difficulties in cognition. Loss of memory, hyperactivity or being unresponsive to happenings in the surroundings is also common. Such experiences may also be accompanied by inability to control their muscles, shortened attention spans and compromised judgment (National Cancer Center, 2013). This may also result from depression that accompanies treatment and the physical toll it takes on the patient’s body.
It is also common for patients to have compromised immunity due to reduced number of white blood cells. Patients become more susceptible to bacterial infections and are also encourage avoiding bruises and cuts as they can easily be infected. Cuts and bruises are unable to clot and s...
Get the Whole Paper!
Not exactly what you need?
Do you need a custom essay? Order right now: