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Topic:

Information overload solutions

Essay Instructions:

Information overload! The phrase alone is enough to strike terror into the hardiest of managers; it presages the breakdown of society as we know it and the failure of management to cope with change. The media constantly dissect the forthcoming collapse brought on by TMI ("Too Much Information"), even as they themselves pile up larger and larger dossiers on the subject, and we are frequently informed that it is our own damn fault that we are drowning in data, since we simply can't discriminate between the important stuff and everything else. Hence, the info-tsunami warning signs posted all along what we once so naively called the "information superhighway".

Of course, this is arrant nonsense—human beings have been suffering from information overload in varying forms since about the time we hit the ground and found ourselves simultaneously running after the antelope and away from the lion. There's no question that the human mind has a limited capacity to process information, but after several million years we've gotten pretty good at figuring out how to handle a lot. The two basic tricks turn out to be distinguishing between short-term and long-term information storage, and "chunking"—putting things in a limited number of baskets. This isn't primarily a course in the psychology of memory—it's about information tools and systems—but in fact the same things that make our information tools and systems work are the same things that have kept us near the antelopes and away from the lions (mostly) for the last million years or so. So we're beginning this course by thinking about information tools, what makes them like and unlike other kinds of tools, how the concept of a socio-technical system (in which social and behavioral functions shape results as much as does the technology itself) helps make sense of what we're facing, and why the technology just might win after all.

Let's start with a little historical review. Amy Blair has recently done a very intriguing summary of just why information overload isn't something that we, or still less our kids, dreamed up -- people have been drowning in data for ages regardless of the tools at their disposal:

Blair, A. (2010) Information Overload, Then and Now. The Chronicle of Higher Education Review. November 28. Retrieved November 15, 2010 from http://chronicle(dot)com/article/Information-Overload-Then-and/125479/?sid=cr&utm_source=cr&utm_medium=en

We thought we had it all nailed down when the information theorists came up with their typology distinguishing between "data" (raw stuff), "information" (cooked stuff), and "knowledge" (cooked stuff that we've eaten). This rather elegant approach did have the virtue of emphasizing that information processing is a human task, even though we might delegate part of it to machinery, and that the tests of that task are the results for humans. It helps return us to the perspective outlined in the module introduction -- that is, tools need to be judged by what they do, not just what they are. Systems thinking is a classic approach that even pre-dates computers. Here's a good brief summary of this perspective:

Bellinger, G., Castro, D., & Mills, A. (2004) Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom. The Way of Systems. November 15, 2010 from http://www(dot)systems-thinking(dot)org/dikw/dikw.htm

But just when we thought we had everything nailed down, the emerging technologies of networking seemed to be blurring things a bit. First, with so much stuff floating around, it's not at all clear just how much "cooking" is really involved in the data/information boundary; a lot of data turns out to be pretty self-interpreting, and no matter how much we cook some of the stuff, it's never going to be particularly nutritious. In addition, it turns out that information sometimes looks an awfully lot like property, so that the kind of disembodied knowledge management framework we thought was going to make things clear for us gets all tied up with personal self-interest, organizational and social politics, generational conflicts, and all of the other fun things that human beings have teamed up to make life difficult for one another over the years. Here is a useful introduction to this concern:

Green, P. (2010 ) Social Media Is Challenging Notions of the Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom (DIKW) Hierarchy. CMS Wire. August 16. Retrieved November 25, 2010 from http://www(dot)cmswire(dot)com/cms/enterprise-20/social-media-is-challenging-notions-of-the-data-information-knowledge-wisdom-dikw-hierarchy--008320.php

But now let's put this all in a bit of organizational context. As we noted in the module introduction, the language of socio-technical design can be very helpful in diagnosing where systems are going wrong, particularly when there appear to be disconnects between the capacities of the technology and the ability of the company to establish the right kind of behaviorl and procedures to take advantage of the tools. Here is a very useful shortbut classic introduction to socio-technical design and how it can be used:

Liu, X. and Errey, C. (2006) Socio-technical systems—there's more to performance than new technology. PTG Global. Retrieved February 27, 2011, from http://www(dot)ptg-global(dot)com/PDFArticles/Socio%20technical%20systems%20-%20There's%20more%20to%20performance%20than%20new%20technology%20v1.0.pdf

So how does all this tie together? Well, we've got all this lovely data, information, and maybe even knowledge floating around most organizations, but we don't seem to be able to make a lot of use of it. Either there's just too much, or we can't identify relevant material on a timely basis, or things fall between the organizational cracks. In any event, we experience what amounts to "information overload" on a pretty regular basis, despite having all this understanding of information and some really good tools for managing and using it. How come?

There's a lot more out there in the optional and supplemental readings as well as the wide wonderful world of the Internet to give you a feel for whether or not we’re about to be washed away by the “info-tsunami”; the more widely you can spread your own information gathering net, the more effective your analysis is likely to be.

When you believe you have a reasonable feel for how information tools do (or don't) manage an info-tsunami, you'll be in a position to write an effective short paper on the topic:

Are organizations likely to find better solutions to information overload through changes to their technical systemsor their social systems -- or both? Why?

Assignment Expectations (50 points total)

Length: Minimum 5–7 pages excluding cover page and references (since a page is about 300 words, this is approximately 1,500–2,100 words).

Assignment-driven criteria (25 points): Demonstrates clear understanding of the subject and addresses all key elements of the assignment.

Critical thinking (10 points): Demonstrates mastery conceptualizing the problem. Shows analysis, synthesis, and evaluation of required material.

Scholarly writing (5 points): Demonstrates writing proficiency at the academic level of the course; addresses the Learning Outcomes of the assignment.

Quality of references (4 points) and assignment organization (3 points): Uses relevant and credible sources to support assertions. Assignment is well organized and follows the structure of a well-written paper.

Citing sources (3 points): Uses in-text citations and properly formats references in APA style.

Essay Sample Content Preview:

Are organizations likely to find better solutions to information overload through changes to their technical systems or their social systems -- or both? Why?
Name:
Institution
Information overload, a term that evolved from its former realms in the cognitive psychology, is now used to depict a scenario or phenomenon whereby the rate at which information is produced or its input surpasses that at which it can be retrieved, deduced, understood, and utilized. Since the advent of information technology, information being disseminated and processed has accrued leading to information overload. Coined by author of Future Shock, Alvin Toffler in 1970, information overload also synonymous with other terms such as ‘infoxication’ or ‘data smog’ is not necessarily restricted to the field of information technology. However, it is used to describe a phenomenon where an organization or society finds difficulty in understanding and making decisions on the issue, a cause attributed to the analogy of drowning in ‘information-tsunami’ (Green, 2010).
Due to limitations of the human mind’s cognitive capabilities, a flooding in of information is bound to result to backlog hence stifling the decision-making capacity. With increasing ubiquitous attribute of technology into the daily lives and activities of the society, the issue of information overload is exacerbated. According to a 1997 study, disruptions and interruptions due to email services affected managements of approximately half of the organizations recorded in the Fortune 1000 companies. With advance in time, these disruptions increase with the increase in complexity of socio-technical systems (Green, 2010). With increased globalization, more and more organizations are cropping up while more people around the world are not only becoming active consumers of data, but are actively churning out information too, increasing the number of websites in within the network abyss.
As people, become habitually reliable to the internet for information, the more their risk of being affected by information overload. Professionals explicate that information overload leads to ‘information anxiety’ defined as the disparity between the information we comprehend and information we believe we should understand. As people access and read this information from numerous sources, they gather their own perspectives by acting as self-editors. Another major component of information overload is information polluting which is the tainting of genuinely sourced information with inaccurate ones (Blair, 2010).
In organizations, socio-technical systems are adversely affected by information overload negatively affecting productivity and sound decision making. The Socio-technical system terminology was coined by Eric Trist to refer to the interaction between people and technology in the workplace. However, it does not necessarily mean interaction with technology solely, but also the interaction between the society and the surrounding complex infrastructure. Generally, socio-technical systems refer to the interaction between the social and technical aspects of society and organizational structures and processes respectively. Nevertheless, due to the introduction and increased usage of technology in the workplaces such as the use of emails, blogs, Tumbr, twitter and face book, socio-technical systems in organizations are also prone to information overload from this realm (Blair, 2010).
Under organizational development, companies are employing optimization ventures of socio-technical system using tools that can boost technical performance or social wellbeing and productivity or both to increase efficiency in achieving organization strategic objectives (Blair, 2010). This has seen many organizations achieve their set goals as well as maximize on profits. Socio-technical theories are abstract concepts devised to help conceive organizational descriptions, analysis, and designs. A composite of socio-technical theories that enhance organizational development include; job rotation, autonomous work teams, process improvement, job enrichment job design, and social technical systems. This essay deals with the socio-technical system perspective.
It is worth noting that organizations are now enhancing discipline on the social system. This is done in order to mitigate on disruptions that accompany information overload and some are completely doing away with push emails and such notifications. These measures are taken to focus more attention of the employees towards productivity and away from distractions. Suggestions and proposals have been made to charge a fee for every sent email or notification with costs liability on the sender so he can evaluate the necessity of the email before sending it (Liu & Errey, 2006). This will reduce the number of sent emails ...
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