Catalysis and Biochemical Reactions, Lactase

Discussion Topic: Class Discussion 6: Catalysis and Biochemical Reactions, Lactase Class Discussion 6: Catalysis and Biochemical Reactions, Lactase A catalyst is a substance that changes the rate of a reaction without undergoing a permanent change. Biological catalysts are known as enzymes and their names end in -ase. Lactase is one example. In particular, lactase speeds up the breakdown of lactose (milk sugar, C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) into the smaller, useful molecules, glucose and galactose which can be readily used as fuel for the body. Some people lack the enzyme, lactase and are thus deemed "lactose intolerant." Over-the-counter medications are available to help those lacking the enzyme. Lactaid, one such medication, can be taken before or while consuming dairy products to aid in breaking down the lactose. Essentially, people eat some of the enzyme that breaks down the large sugar. Figure 1: Chemical reaction catalyzed by lactase. (Picture uploaded separately) Figure 2: Cartoon showing the function of the enzyme, lactase, in the kinetics of lactose metabolism. (Image uploaded Separately) Watch this video for an overview of lactose intolerance and how it is related to human evolution: https://youtu(dot)be/MA9boI1qTuk Prompt: Below is a reaction energy profile (Figure 3) for a generic chemical reaction (no catalyst) such as the breakdown of lactose into galactose and glucose (Figure 1). Is the chemical reaction endothermic or exothermic? Explain how you know based on the figure below. How will the reaction profile (Figure 3) change as a result of the addition of a catalyst Do the relative energies of the reactants and/or products change? Does the activation energy change? Include a hand drawn image (draw the catalyzed reaction with the uncatalyzed) as well as a brief explanation. Sign (With the initials MA) and date your image before inserting it into your response. Do a bit of research (cite your source in APA format) and find out what specifically causes the abdominal stress associated with lactose intolerance? How does adding a catalyst relieve them? Figure 3. Reaction energy profile for breakdown of reactants to products as in the decomposition of lactose. (Image uploaded Separately)