Diabetes Mellitus: describe the causes and pathology of diabetes mellitus vs normal function

Student-Created Medical Reports Name: _________________________________ 1. Rheumatoid Arthritis Case Hellen Smith, a 45-year-old female visits the clinic with complaints of severe joint pain. She showcases stiffness and swelling in her wrists and hands upon examination. Also, the patient reports increased fatigue and morning stiffness that lasts for more than one hour in the last 5 months. Her current medications include Ibuprofen, Naproxen, and Celecoxib. Smith reports that the medications were becoming increasingly ineffective. An x-ray screening was conducted to assess the patient’s feet, wrists, and hands. The findings showed that the patient exhibited synovitis in the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints. She also had a slight decrease in grip strength. The blood tests revealed elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Ultimately, rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies were positive. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune condition that triggers joint destruction and deformities. RA is characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane. In RA cases, the immune system mistakenly targets the synovium thereby releasing the cytokines. The results are pain, swelling, and loss of function (Scott & Galloway, 2020). The patient was advised to take various medications besid...