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The pathophysiology of Type II diabetes and the comorbitiy of HTN

Case Study Instructions:
Assignment HTN For example, a comorbidity of diabetes presents multiple problems when treating the other presenting disorder. Patients with diabetes frequently experience difficulty healing from surgical treatments and longer healing times. There is also the issue of added patient stress and confusion when suffering from more than one condition. You will need to factor in patient health history and demographics to provide the ideal patient education and patient care strategies. For this Assignment, you will perform a complex case analysis for a patient who has comorbid conditions, examining the pathophysiologic alterations of the comorbid conditions, the effects of the prescribed drugs used to treat them, and the impacts of patient factors and sociodemographic indicators on their health. You will also examine health assessment and diagnostic reasoning you would use with the patient, as well as patient education strategies you would recommend. • A patient has comorbidity of Type II Diabetes and a second disorder of your choosing from among the following list: high blood pressure • Create a hypothetical patient profile for a patient who has Type II diabetes and your second selected comorbidity. Be sure to include patient factors, sociodemographic indicators, and other characteristics. • Review the Resources related to Type II diabetes and your second selected disorder. ASSIGNMENT: Complete a 3- to 4-page complex case analysis that addresses the following: • Explain the pathophysiology of Type II diabetes and your second selected comorbidity. Explain how the alterations of each comorbid disorder impact each other. Be specific. Use the Learning Resources and/or best available evidence from current literature to support your explanation. • Explain how your patient’s factors and sociodemographic indicators might affect the pathophysiology of the disorders. • Describe the types of health assessments and diagnostic reasoning you would apply to this patient. Include potential issues (e.g., language barriers, developmental level) or special considerations related to gender or ethnicity that you may need to consider. • Explain any compensatory mechanisms (adaptive and maladaptive responses) the patient may be displaying. • Explain the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the medication(s) you would recommend to treat the symptoms associated with the patient’s comorbidities, taking into consideration this specific patient’s factors. • Explain how potential interactions between the medications that might be prescribed to treat the patient's comorbid conditions justify the selection of the medications for this patient. Use the Learning Resources and/or best available evidence from current literature to support your rationale. • Explain how these drugs might impact various body systems in your patient, as well as measures you might take to help reduce any negative effects. • Explain how you might educate your patient on the disorders present, taking into consideration age, developmental level, or other important factors that may impact understanding. Include your rationale for each approach, as well as how you would promote medication adherence. Use the Learning Resources and/or best available evidence from current literature to support your rationale. Resources • American College of Cardiology. (2017). New ACC/AHA high blood pressure guidelines lower definition of hypertension.Links to an external site. Retrieved from https://www(dot)acc(dot)org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2017/11/08/11/47/mon-5pm-bp-guideline-aha-2017 • Arcangelo, V., Peterson, A., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. (2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer. Pharmacotherapeutics for Advanced Practice: A Practical Approach 4th Edition by Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. Copyright 2016 by LWW. Reprinted by permission of LWW via the Copyright Clearance Center. o Chapter 46, “Diabetes Mellitus” (pp. 785–808)Download Chapter 46, “Diabetes Mellitus” (pp. 785–808) • Bickley, L. S. (2024). Bates guide to physical examination and history taking (13th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. Chapter 16, “The Cardiovascular System” (pp. 489–557) • Arcangelo, V., Peterson, A., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. (2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer. • Arcangelo, V., Peterson, A., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. (2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer. Pharmacotherapeutics for Advanced Practice: A Practical Approach 4th Edition by Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. Copyright 2016 by LWW. Reprinted by permission of LWW via the Copyright Clearance Center. o Chapter 19, “Hypertension“ (pp. 257–274)Download Chapter 19, “Hypertension“ (pp. 257–274) • McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier/Mosby. o Chapter 32, “Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems” (pp. 1017–1058) Chapter 33, “Alterations of Cardiovascular Function” (pp. 1059–1114) APA TEMPLATE THEY WANT FOLLOWED I thought there was somewhere to attach files
Case Study Sample Content Preview:
The Pathophysiology of Type II Diabetes and The Comorbidity of HTN Student’s Name Institution Affiliation Course Name & Code Instructor’s Name Date The Pathophysiology of Type II Diabetes and the Comorbidity of HTN Complex Case Analysis of a Patient with Type II Diabetes and High Blood Pressure Patient Profile The patient in this case analysis is John Smith, who is currently 55 years old. On top of that, he is an African American male who has type II diabetes and hypertension diagnosis. His body mass index is 32, expressing that he has obesity, which is a common risk factor associated with diabetes and hypertension. John is engaging in sedentary jobs, requiring him to sit for long hours. Similarly, he does not engage in exercises frequently. His diet usually contains high levels of processed foods and sugar. Regarding his family, his father was diagnosed with diabetes and hypertension, while her mother had diabetes. John's current address shows that he lives in an urban area known for producing low rates of healthy foods. Moreover, he faces various socioeconomic problems, such as moderate monthly income and restricted health insurance. For this reason, these problems have significantly affected his ability to manage and access frequent medical care. Pathophysiology of Type II Diabetes and Hypertension Type II diabetes is known for its failure to react to insulin and the worsening state of beta cell dysfunction that results in hyperglycemia. As cells fail to respond to insulin, they pave the way for obesity and physical inactivity challenges (American College of Cardiology, 2017). In addition, these combined challenges raise the probability of a person being affected with cardiovascular diseases such as kidney damage (Sun, Zhou, Heianza, Li, Fan, Fonseca & Qi, 2019). When hyperglycemia persists, it leads to endothelial dysfunction and the multiplication of oxidative stress that plays a significant role in the rise of vascular inflammation. On the other hand, hypertension, also called high blood pressure, occurs when the blood flowing against the artery's walls moves with great pressure. As the flow continues, blood vessels and other body parts become damaged (Sun, Zhou, Heianza, Li, Fan, Fonseca & Qi, 2019). The pathophysiology nature of high blood pressure is identified through the interaction between the surroundings, genetics, and behavior. Moreover, the comorbidity rate worsens when changes occur in both diseases' pathophysiologic states. Patient Factors and Sociodemographic Indicators Various patient factors that affect John are obesity, sedentary jobs, and poor diet, which affect his pathophysiology. Similarly, he comes from an African American ethnic background that is known for its high percentage of type II diabetes and hypertension diseases (American Heart Association, 2024)....
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