Evidence Based Practice – Task 2 Health, Medicine, Nursing Term Paper

Evidence Based Practice – Task 2
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Evidence Based Practice – Task 2
Significance and Background
Research evidence suggests that Black Hispanic adult women are highly predisposed to overweight/obesity as compared to their white counterparts (Yanovski & Yanovski, 2012). This difference in susceptibility levels is important since it indicates a generic risk exposure that is unrelated to other risk factors such as lifestyle and nutrition. Statistics further indicate that non-Hispanic blacks are highly susceptible due to a number of risk factors. Black Hispanic women are the most vulnerable minority group at 47.8% followed by Non-Hispanic Black women at 42.5%. Still, research indicates that the most at risk American population constituting 39.5% of the total population (NCHS, 2016). The study is important since CDC findings suggest that the leading ten states have high incidence levels of blood pressure, cholesterol, depression, and diabetes and heart attack. (Ogden et al., 2016). These findings suggest the importance of studying the problem of overweight and obesity.
Research literature suggests that African American women are more likely to be obese as 1 out of 4 is either obese or overweight (Johnson et al., 2014). The study determines how obesity risk factors predispose Black Hispanic adult women.
Primary Healthcare Problem Description
The Black Hispanic neighborhoods lack gyms, bicycle lanes and racks thus suggesting that the population is highly predisposed to a wide range of obesity risk factors due to their predominantly sedentary lifestyles. It was also established that most Black Hispanic women preferred to use motor transport as opposed to walking even on extremely short distances. Thus they are highly vulnerable to overweight and obesity related health complications.
PICOT Question Formulation
PICO Table

Example:

P (patient/problem)

Overweight and obesity risk factors among black Hispanic women

I (intervention/indicator)

Integrated Intervention

C (comparison)

White middle income non-Hispanic women

O (outcome)

Reduced overweight/obesity prevalence/incidence levels among Black Hispanic adult women

PICO question: How does the low income Black Hispanic women and their White middle income counterparts susceptibility to overweight and obesity risk factors compare as observed within a three month study period?
Search Strategy
A search was conducted in Proquest using a combination of different keywords. Initially, a search was conducted using Obesity, Overweight, Black Hispanic adult women. The search returned 1,111 results as follows: Scholarly Journals (‎602); Dissertations & Theses (‎158), Magazines (‎22), Newspapers (‎17), Trade Journals (‎57). The search keyword combination were “Obesity, Overweight, Black Hispanic low income adult women” and returned 854 results as follows Scholarly Journals (‎474), Dissertations & Theses (‎144), Magazines (‎11), Newspapers (‎4) and Trade Journals (‎30). A second search was conducted with a peer reviewed journal filter on, using the same search keywords. The search results were then filtered so as to select those journals that were relevant to the research topic. Based on the initial search results, a greater insight was obtained. The information that was obtained was then used to conduct multiple searches with different filters. The Keywords that were used in subsequent searches included: Overweight, Obesity, risk factors, Black Hispanic Women, Black Hispanic Adult women, Low income Hispanic Women, Middle income White women, randomized controlled trials
The literature search produced over 600 scholarly search articles that were related to overweight and obesity risk factors among Hispanic Women. Nonetheless, peer reviewed journals were less than 200 while those that were research based were less about 100. About 50 peer reviewed journals had been derived from randomized controlled trials while most of the remaining articles were either systematic reviews or qualitative literature review based
Evidence Matrix
Authors

Journal Name/ WGU Library

Year of Publication

Research Design

Sample Size

Outcome Variables Measured

Level (I–III)

Quality (A, B, C)

Results/Author’s Suggested Conclusions

Flegal, K. M., Kruszon-Moran, D., Carroll, M. D., Fryar, C. D., & Ogden, C. L.

Jama

2016

Quantitative

5455

Trends in obesity among adults in the United States, 2005 to 2014

III

C

The study provided statistics of prevalence of obeity among US citizens based on different races. The results showed that between 2013 and 2014 35.0% among men and 40.4% among women.

Aycinena, A. C., Valdovinos, C., Crew, K. D., Tsai, W. Y., Mata, J. M., Sandova

Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health

2017

Randomized Controlled Trial

42

Diet, Exercise and Weight Loss Intervention among Hispanic women

II

C

Adherence to a healthy lifestyle is constrained by factors like fatigue, family responsibilities, illness, work, transportation, as well as negative perceptions of exercise and diet

Masterson Creber, R.,M., Fleck, E., Liu, J., Rothenberg, G., Ryan, B., & Bakken, S.

Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health

2017

Quantitative Research Design

630

Obesity risk factor analysis

II

B

Intervention must incorporate cultural factors and perceptions of weight loss initiatives

Drewnowski, A., Moudon, A. V., Jiao, J., Aggarwal, A., Charreire, H., & Chaix, B.

International journal of obesity

2014

longitudinal study with a
nationally representative sample

7131

Food environment and socioeconomic status influence obesity rates in Seattle and in Paris

II

B

Lower SES was linked to higher obesity risk in both Paris and Seattle, despite differences in urban form, the food environments and in the respective systems of health care. Cross-country comparisons can provide new insights into the social determinants of weight and health.

Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Phelan, J. C., & Link, B. G.

American journal of public health

2014

National Longitudinal Survey

2923

Race, ethnicity, social-economic disparities

II

B

Minority women face higher vulnerability due to parity-related factors.

TWO NON-RESEARCH ARTICLES
* Evidence Matrix
Authors

Journal Name/ WGU Library

Year of Publication

Research Design

Sample Size

Outcome Variables Measured

Level (I–III)

Quality (A, B, C)

Results/Author’s Suggested Conclusions

Andrea Bombak, MA

American Journal of Public Health

2014

Qualitative design-literature review

none

.Obesity mitigation approaches

II

B　

Individual approaches to obesity treatment,
largely composed of weight-loss dieting, have not proven effective. Little direct
Evidence supports the notion of reforms to the “obesogenic environment.” Both
these individualistic and environmental approaches to obesity have important
limitations and ethical implications.










Alejandra Ochoa1 · Jerica M. Berge1

J Immigrant Minority Health

2017

Qualitative literature review

none

34

II

C

The article concludes that focusing on decreasing controlling parent feeding practices,
and increasing parent modeling of healthy behaviors
and child sleep duration, can be helpful in developing culturally-
specific interventions for Latino children.

Summary of Research Articles
The first article to be evaluated was one coauthored by Flegal et al., (2017). The study set out to establish the prevalence levels associated with American Adults, and sought to determine the association between obesity and common risk factors. It was established that the disease prevalence was on the rise particularly among American adults. As a matter of facts, the study discovered that between 2013 and 2014 35.0% among men and 40.4% among women.. In addition, the national obesity prevalence figures were given and the prevalence on the basis of sex and race, and mainly targeted the Hispanic population. The study was considered relevant to the current study since it was able to establish obesity risk factors among the study. Finally, it cited effective screening and monitoring as the ideal intervention for use in the prevention of obesity. Hatzenbuehler, Phelan & Link (2014) also made similar discoveries while studying race, ethnicity, social-economic disparities among American adult citizens, especially among the people of Hispanic origin. Their findings in the study showed that minority women face higher vulnerability due to parity-related factors.
Second study considered was that conducted by Aycinena et al. (2017) A Randomized Controlled Trial study design was used based on a sample size of N=42. The study sought to determine the leading causes of obesity that were associated with behavioral risks factors and focused on “diet and Exercise Weight Loss Intervention”. Several health status indicators were evaluated, especially those that were regarded as the risk factors associated with high morbidity and mortality. Like the previous study, this study also relied on CDCs BRFSS data that was nationally representative. The outcome of the study showed that obesity prevalence remained relatively constant at 35% and 17% for the Adult and youth populations (Aycinena et al., 2017). Interestingly, the study discovered that 795 of Americans live inactive lifestyles, while only 21% lived active lifestyles. In conclusion, the study suggested that preventative factors such as physical activity be promoted since research shows that they have been steadily declining over the years. Inactive lifestyle was considered as one of the primary risk factors among adult cohorts since it predisposed the both the adult and adolescent populations to overweight and obesity.
Summary of Non-Research Articles
A part from the research articles discussed above, the paper would also provide a summary of non-research articles about obesity. The first article to be summarized is the one that was authored by Bombak (2014). The author points out in the article that obesity is linked or associated with chronic diseases that might negatively impact on the individual’s health condition, as well provision of sustainable health care system. Bombak (2014) further postulates that in spite emphasis on obesity as a major health concern both in the United States and the world at large; minimal progress has been made by different jurisdictions through their department of health to treat it or prevent it. However, there have been individually taken initiatives that have led to the reduction in the cases of obesity. The individual initiatives that have been taken to ensure that there is prevention and treatment of obes...