Senator Joseph McCarthy and his Role in U.S. History and the "Red Menace"

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The Downfall of Joseph McCarthy
Senator Joseph McCarthy and his Role in U.S. History and the "Red Menace"
Joseph McCarthy (1908-1957), was an American politician who held the position of the Republican U.S. senator from the state of Wisconsin between the years of 1947 and 1957. Commencing in 1950, McCarthy turned out to be the most visible public face during the time when cold war tensions instigated fears of widespread Communist subversion ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "10.1109/MRA.2012.2221259", "ISSN" : "1070-9932", "abstract" : "John McCarthy is best known as one of the founding fathers of artificial intelligence (AI), a term he coined in 1955, and much has been written about his pioneering work in computer and cognitive science (Figure 1). Less attention has been given to McCarthy's efforts related to robotics, though his AI research instigated and influenced development in the field. As the founder of the Stanford-AI Lab (SAIL) and its director from 1965 to 1980, McCarthy participated in research on computer vision, speech recognition, and planning in robotics, collaborated with innovators such as Bernie Roth and Vic Scheinman to develop some of the first robot arms, and advised 30 students, a number of whom have gone on to become leaders in robotics and AI.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Sabanovic", "given" : "Selma", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Milojevic", "given" : "Stasa", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Kaur", "given" : "Jasleen", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "4", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2012" ] ] }, "page" : "99-106", "title" : "John McCarthy [History]", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "19" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=50c1c8af-b450-4e17-a8fc-72a979df5423", "/documents/?uuid=c6f9e807-e059-4471-9ba1-84ef743befa7" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Sabanovic, Milojevic, and Kaur)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Sabanovic, Milojevic, and Kaur)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Sabanovic, Milojevic, and Kaur)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Sabanovic, Milojevic, and Kaur). These fears came to define, and to some extent corrode the era’s political culture. As for the majority of Americans, the enduring symbol of this "Red Menace" was McCarthy, the freshman senator from Wisconsin. He claimed to have sufficient evidence that a lot of communists continued to hold influential positions in the State Department. The hyper-suspicious atmosphere of the cold war coupled with insinuations of disloyalty was just enough to convince a majority of the Americans that their government was filled with spies and traitors. McCarthy accusations became so intimidating that only a few people spoke out against him.
Edward R. Murrow, His relationship to Senator Joseph McCarthy and His Career after McCarthy
Edward Murrow (1908-1965) is best known as a CBS producer and broadcaster during the formative years of U.S. television and radio news programs from the 1930s to the 1950s. He commenced news broadcast in 1928, and he carried on throughout World War 2 ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "abstract" : "The job of a broadcast journalist is ever changing and always thrilling", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Betka", "given" : "Mark", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Edward R. Murrow: Journalism at its Best", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2006" ] ] }, "page" : "1-3", "title" : "Edward R. Murrow: A life", "type" : "article" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=bc45c279-0936-4adb-a8c6-47d3a69ac8ca" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Betka)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Betka)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Betka)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Betka). Over the decades, many publications have described Murrow as one of the architects of the American broadcast news, but in the recent years about politics, he is viewed as a defender of rights against McCarthy’s witch hunts ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "abstract" : "The job of a broadcast journalist is ever changing and always thrilling", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Betka", "given" : "Mark", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Edward R. Murrow: Journalism at its Best", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2006" ] ] }, "page" : "1-3", "title" : "Edward R. Murrow: A life", "type" : "article" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=4c242473-1fae-4ea7-b99d-a4c22aaa7998", "/documents/?uuid=bc45c279-0936-4adb-a8c6-47d3a69ac8ca" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Betka)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Betka)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Betka)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Betka). This was with the help of the television journalism program, See it Now, that was launched in 1951. This program focused on many controversial issues in the 1950s, but many recall it for the show that criticized McCarthy and the Red Menace, contributing if not leading to Senator Joseph McCarthy’s political downfall. Murrow was able to use excerpts from McCarthy’s proclamations and speeches to criticize him and point out scenes where he had contradicted himself. This led to a nationwide backlash against McCarthy.
As time went by, Murrow’s career faced some challenges as the program he pioneered, See It Now ended up not scoring favorably on prime-time television. The program ended up being knocked out of its weekly slot in 1955 after its sponsors withdrew its advertising ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "10.1080/1461670X.2014.882098", "ISSN" : "14699699", "abstract" : "Drawing on sch...