Synthesis Paper on Water Scarcity

Synthesis Paper
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Article Summary
The main idea in Ahmed, Hashaikeh, and Hilal’s (2019) source is the use of solar energy to power the desalination process. The authors discuss the recent developments in photovoltaic powerd reverse osmosis, solar thermal powered reverse osmosis with regards to membrane materials, process configuration, and energy recovery devices. The background of the study is based on the fact that most of the regions that have saline water bodies and demand water desalination receive sufficient solar irradiation. Consequently, the use of solar energy is the most sustainable approach in the desalination process in such regions.
The impact of this process is that the reliance of solar energy for desalination will help people in developing countries who are forced to use saline water for their daily lives. The main gap in this technology is the affordability of the desalination apparatus. Future studies should focus on unveiling cheaper technological tools that will benefit more people.
The source by Teusner, A., Blandin, G., & Le-Clech, P. (2017) advances a major idea of combining the desalination and recycling processes in increasing water supply among the dry coastal communities. The background of the research is that most of the coastal areas are semi-arid, characterized by high temperatures and saline waters. Consequently, there is a need for an effective solution that is cheaper and yet effective in solving the environmental problem. The impact of this processes is that the dilution of seawater will provide sufficient water to feed the people. Therefore, the main people to benefit from this idea will be those in coastal areas or living in saline water bodies characterized by hot sunshine. However, the gap in this research is the need to establish a large scale process to sustain both the people, their animals and agricultural products. future research should focus on increasing the productivity scale of these machines.
The main idea in the study by Miklos et al. (2018) is how the use of advanced oxidation processes can help in the removal of contaminants in water. The background of the research is that aquatic environment has been characterized by a high level of pollution featuring consumer products, pharmaceutical, and other industrial chemicals. The impact of this study is to purify this water by eliminating the pollutants and rendering the water fit for consumption. The study is designed to benefit individuals in urban areas that are often characterized by industrial waste. The gap in this research, however, is the scarcity of the apparatus to use in the oxidation process, which means that it may be impossible to conduct a largescale oxidation process to support a large number of people.
The main idea of the source by Almuktar, Abed, and Scholz (2018) is that water scarcity is a universal problem and hence the need to establish potential solutions to the problem. The background of the study is the environmental and public health problems associated with water scarcity problems. Consequently, there is a need for water treatment and recycling approaches to provide enough fresh water for domestic use. The impact of the research is that recycling is an effective approach towards water management in both urban and rural areas of developing nations. Consequently, utilization of these strategies will help the people learn proper storage and utilization of the available water resources.
Zhang et al.’s (2021) study mainly highlights the need for an effective water management strategy to avert the impending water crisis if the modern patterns of water usage persist. The research is based on the fact that in the past, water was enough for all countries. However, the poor water usage in countries such as Pakistan is threatening to worsen the water situation. Therefore, the source provides recommendations for policymakers on what to do to avert the water crisis issue in the future. The impact of this study is that implementation of such policies will form a basis for other developing nations to also embrace so that they can reduce the water shortage problem. The current water problem in many countries results from wastages.
The main goal Gude’s (2017) article is to present two main approaches of handling water shortage: demand mitigation and supply enhancement. These approaches are meant to not only reduce the demand but also enhance supply. The research is based on the increasing demand for pure water as the population and industrialization also increase. Regions that were once noted to be rich in water are struggling to sustain their demands. The paper discusses the causes of drought and the issues resulting from persistent drought conditions together with the technological approaches towards management of the resources. The impact of the study will be on a majority of the people, both in rural and urban developing countries whose population and industrialization processes are increasing at an alarming rate. The gap in this research is that it does not provide viable solutions as to how the people will manage to store the water for long periods.
The primary goal Bian et al.’s (2019) article is to present an efficient yet effective approach of water desalination in areas that suffer from excessive water salinity, such as India. The background of the study is on the need to explore the new technologies to help recycle water by purifying water perceived to be unfit for human consumption. The machine, which is photovoltaic-powered, relies on the solar system to purify water that the people can utilize for their domestic consumption. A sensitivity analysis of the source also reveals that the most expensive material is the membrane area and hence reducing the cost of this are significantly reduces the capital cost of the system. The effect of the source will be both on the local people as well as industries that rely on fresh water for production. It spurs the future research on how to rely on renewable energy sources to supplement water treatment processes. Most of the developed nations, such as Saudi Arabia, have a characteristically hot climate, which they can utilize to purify water for drinking on a large scale. However, other developing nations, such as Pakistan, can use small scale methods for light domestic applications.
The main idea of the source by Zeff et al. (2016) is to provide policy pathways towards the adoption of urban water supply systems that work as a hedge against drought. These systems can help reduce the overdependence on firm water supply capacity by using approaches such as conservation and transfers. The study is based on how quick these systems are adopted and integrated into the systems depend mainly on the planning decisions on integrating such projects through drought management strategies. The impact of this study is that it will increase the call for a strong collaboration among relevant bodies to aid in providing the support needed in terms of the facilities and infrastructure needed to actualiz...