Developmental Theorist

Freud and Erikson’s Developmental Theories Student’s Name Institution Course # and Name Professor’s Name Submission Date Freud’s Psychosexual Theory Freud's Psychosexual Theory describes five developmental stages, each characterized by internal conflicts and pleasure-seeking habits. During the Oral Stage (0-1 years), the infant derives its source of pleasure in the mouth through sucking, gnawing, and other oral activities. This stage introduces the trust versus mistrust derivative and creates the potential for fixation, which may result in dependency issues in adulthood. The Anal Stage (2-3 years) deals with toilet training. It is at this stage that control and autonomy are developed. Success in this stage boosts the child's confidence, while fixation results in the development of such characteristics as obsessiveness or messiness. In the Phallic Stage (4-6 years), the child discovers their sex organs and develops the Oedipus complex. During the Latency Stage (6-puberty), sexual feelings become latent while other social skills and friendships come to the fore. Lastly, the Genital Stage begins at puberty, and it requires sexual maturity as the person seeks balanced and meaningful relationships (Sharma, 2024). Success in this stage reflects a well-integrated personality and satisfaction in adult relationships. Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory Erikson's Psychosocial Theory maintains that development occurs in eight stages, each with a conflict that must be resolved for healthy growth. First, Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1 year) concerns developing trust in one's caregivers. Second, Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (1-3 years) centers on developing independence. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years) puts children in a position where they should take the initiative in various activities and decision-making (Rorije et al., 2023). Industry vs. Inferiority occurs at 6-12 years, and it involves mastering specific skills and self-building in the 6-12-year bracket. Identity v...