Climate Change Threat to Coffee Production in Indonesia

University of California, Davis
Climate Change Threat to Coffee Production in Indonesia
PLS007V Just coffee
Professor Brown
May22,2022
Introduction
As the human population in various regions around the planet increase, the demand for coffee consumption increases and relatively becomes part of most people's lifestyles, given that coffee is a vital beverage in most communities on the planet. However, as climate change creates challenges, it is likely to be increasingly problematic to yield sufficient coffee to satisfy the growing demand.. Indonesia is among the globe's primary coffee growers and a leading exporter. A Dutch who used to plant coffee trees within Batavia is behind the crop's introduction in the Asian country (Muzaifa & Rahmi, 2021). Coffee's origins can be traced back to the 16th century. The crop was introduced to the Asian country by a Dutchman who used to plant coffee trees in Batavia (Muzaifa & Rahmi, 2021)The production activity spread slowly to other regions in Indonesia, and the growing culture continued successfully. Initially, the state proved ideal for producing coffee due to the favorable climatic conditions. However, it is currently considered that climate change is increasingly likely to affect the entire agricultural production sector. Slowly, the production activity extended to other parts of Indonesia, and the expanding culture thrived. Due to its good climatic characteristics, the state first proved perfect for coffee production. Climate change, on the other hand, is now thought to be increasingly likely to affect the entire agricultural producing sector. This is mainly where climate turns drier and less foreseeable, severe weather conditions become intense and regular, and temperatures surpass the optimum level for agricultural development. The leading threat to coffee production in Indonesia is rising temperature coupled with inconsistent rainfall arising from climate change. It is projected to affect coffee yields and quality in future production. One effective solution to address the threat and prevent future impacts entails the Indonesian government's efforts to promote reforestation programs in areas where forest cover existed before to reduce climate change effects. The climate has become less predictable with the occurrence, of severe temperature conditions becoming frequent and intense, and rainfall falling below the threshold required for agricultural productivity. The emission of gases is believed to be the principal cause or source of these happenings in most countries. For example, in a country like Indonesia, gas emissions are increasing. Fueled by forest fires and tree chopping for development. As a result, future coffee output and quality are expected to suffer, consequences, leading several governments in devising various effective methods to combat the threat and mitigate potential impacts, as we will explore.
Part 1: Threat to Coffee Production
           The primary threat facing convenient coffee production in Indonesia is the rising temperatures coupled with inconsistent rainfall patterns. These climatic modification elements are getting more attention as the nation becomes the globe's third greatest Greenhouse Gas emitter. Temperatures go up as adequate rainfall, essential for crop growth, decreases.becomes a nightmare whenever there is an interruption in the environment due to various activities that imply adverse outcomes (Schroth et al., 2015). The gases are the primary causes or sources of the current climatic changes in most parts of the planet. While the Asian country is rich with more natural resources, environmental deprivation is happening steadily. Unlike in already developed nations, Indonesia's emissions increasingly arise from cutting down trees for development and forest fires. Indonesia is almost adapting to these environmental burdens as a region unquestionably susceptible to alteration in climatic conditions. However, theTherefore, the state has been a favorite in the global limelight because of its eagerness and efforts to cut down the harmful emissions by about 26% (World Bank, 2010). According to the research, practices such as burning forests, deforestation, and peatland degradation placed Indonesia in countries falling victim to climate change. Gas releases from forest fires have a more significant influence than emissions originating from non-forestry activities. Three sectors, energy, agriculture, and waste, contribute to about 451 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) yearly in Indonesia (Basuki et al., 2022). . Towards the end of the 20th century, energy and forestry segments were the leading CO2 sources in the country. This significantly led to nearly 98% of the emissions caused in a year. Forestry's CO2 emissions primarily originated from biomass burning during forest and grassland conversion practices (Measey, 2010).
           Climatic conditions are highly likely to change negatively in the Indonesian islands over the following years. Such a circumstance will imply adverse consequences for the environment, plants, human beings, and animals. Also, there are anticipations for change regarding the location and sizes of areas with desirable climatic conditions to produce or grow coffee, such as Arabica. Schroth et al. (2015) researched the recent results of a modeling study of climate change impacts on Arabica coffee in Indonesia. The author addressed the average yearly temperature and rainfall, including their estimated ranges in the recent zones producing the coffee. The projections also addressed expected changes in the next four decades. As the average temperature is expected to rise by nearly 1.7 C in every present production region, the anticipated alterations in rainfall vary between the south-based most minor islands like Flores, Java, and Bali, which are relatively drier, and the north-based hugest islands such as Sulawesi and Sumatra that are likely to be wetter with an approximation of averagely 10% (Schroth et al., 2015). Thus, general climatic variations are predicted to be pronounced within all the nation's coffee growth areas. Provided the environment is continually interrupted, these regions will achieve a new outcome in the future, most of them being unsuitable for coffee production. Additionally, Schroth et al. (2015) researchAccording to the research on the Arabica coffee production in the Indonesia (Schroth et al., 2015), the Maxent model, proposed a significant coffee suitability decrease in the growing zones by 2050 primarily. This is because there will be a temperature rise, which is projected to trigger the climatically suitable belt to shift upwards. Due to such a circumstance, the convenient region within the existing growing areas would decline intensely from nearly 360,000 ha to about 57,000 ha in the following decades (Schroth et al. 2015). Specifically, Aceh and Sumatra might lose approximately 90 percent of the area in the existing production region.
           Indonesian areas like Bali and Sulawesi will be considerably impacted as much as possible, rendering them unproductive to grow any known coffee species in the Indonesian regions producing the crop for consumption and even export to other countries. According to the statisticsArabica coffee production in Indonesia statistics, Flores Island will be relatively inconvenient for producing better coffee (Schroth et al. 2015). However, the model reveals that Java would be the most suitable place to grow the plant. This is the coff...