Anything that deals with 'speech and 'writing'

Title Your name Subject and Section Professor’s Name Date Introduction Interpersonal communication is the transmission of information to another person by words, in writing, or any other method of communication. Hence, while many species of animals the many animals use some communication, human language differs in complexity and versatility. Language is not just a device for passing messages. However, it is an articulated tool based on mechanisms of symbols that attempt to prescribe the structural, syntactical, and grammatical pattern of human ambitions and imaginations. Moreover, language has been described by all warring factions as having so many such structures or other aspects by which humans can express the past, imagine the future, and convey abstract ideas that are beyond a human physical environment (Dragojevic & Giles, 2014). Exploring what makes human language different from other animal signals helps explain the cognitive and cultural potentiality that defines the human animal. Communication and Language: A Definition Communication is sharing information between two or more people using verbal, non, or symbolic methods. However, language is a much more formal, formalized means of communication that only human beings possess. Again, human language differs from that of animals; while these last have only gestures, sounds, or signals to satisfy, for instance, sexual calls or an alert, the language of humans is governed by syntax and grammar. This paper argues that such a shift is perfectly justifiable; it builds on the knowledge base compiled by Hockett & Hockett (1960), who identified specific features to define human language. These include arbitrariness, as words are arbitrary and do not mimic their referent, and deferral, as the ability to name something you can't see. They prosecute best the nature of human language, which is not just signals but a system of abstract modeling. Consequently, there are also other forms of communication behaviors in other animal species, but they are deficient in any of the mentioned linguistic attributes of human language. Therefore, human language is alien to the other animals. The features include the following: 1) ability to express abstract thoughts; 2) generating and understanding complex sentences; understanding the messages that have been given; 3) skill to understand and interpret messages; 4) complex structured language; social usefulness of language; and 5) recognizing the language. For this reason, human language has specific characteristics that are not found in other communication systems. One of the most important is the duality of patterning, which relates to the fact that the sound involves organizing small meaningless units into words or other formations of sentences. It makes it possible for humans to develop various expressions with a relatively limited number of factors. For instance, the symbol/b/ - /a/ - /t/ in the English Alphabet forms the word 'bat', which has a meaning, but if each symbol /b/, /a/, and /t/ is solely looked at, they bear no meaning. This characteristic reflects how language acquisition implicates schematic abstraction, which is not witnessed in animal signals​ (Hockett & Hockett, 1960, pp. 90-91). Another characteristic of human language as the faculty that specifies man as man is productivity, which means the ability of human language to produce new sentences and, in general, new expressions no human being in the history of language has ever uttered. This is especially true if the communication has purposeful, innovative, intricate conceptions (Hockett & Hockett, 1960, pp. 90-91). For example, a speaker can say, “The astronaut met new beings on a different planet,” where he or she has never been. This is called “displacement," which is the ability to talk not only about the occurrences evident at the time of speech-making but also those that might have happened in the past and those that might happen in the future. It is one of the most characteristic properties of human language. These features allow man to talk about time, emotions, and morality of actions and events and think beyond the confines of the omniverse as other species cannot (Hockett & Hockett, 1960, p. 90). Verbal and Written Communication Verbal communication is the most spontaneous and innate interaction between people. It means the spoken intercourses of the languages and has been used for tens of thousands of years before the beginning of writing culture was adopted. In contrast to writing, speech is a temporal act—that is, once something has been said, unless it is retained in people's memory and recorded in some way, it simply does not exist; it is no longer available for people's use. Based on the TRACE Model of speech ...