How Effective Is Diet And Excercise In Lowering The Blood Sugar In Type 2 Diabetes

How Effective Is Diet and Exercise in Lowering the Blood Sugar in Type 2 Diabetes
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Author, Year of Publication

Purpose

Sample

Design

Level of Evidence

Findings

Limitations

(Barnard, et al. 2013)

To investigate whether a low-fat vegan diet improves glycemic control on individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Convenience sample of Individuals with type 2 diabetes (n = 99).
(n = 49) assigned to a low-fat vegan diet
(n = 50) assigned to a diet following (ADA) guidelines.
Participants evaluated at baseline and 22 weeks.

An experimental with random assignment of the participants have the same chance of being assigned to the intervention diet or the control diet

Level VI: Evidence from a single descriptive or qualitative study

67% (33 of 49) of vegan group participants and 44% (22 of 50) of ADA group participants recorded a clinical improvements indicated by reductions in A1C, body weight, plasma lipid concentrations, and urinary albumin excretion.

* Failure to follow up participants as 3 vegan participants and 8 ADA participants failed to complete 22-week dietary records.
* Both diets rendered participants susceptible to the hypoglycemic effect of their diabetes medications, leading to a reduction in medication that complicates the interpretation of A1C
* The participants were under the prescription of antihypertensive medications, which may have interfered with the effect of diet on blood sugar level hence affecting the accuracy of the study

Liese, et al. (2014)

To identify food ingestion patterns influencing indicators of hemostasis (blood sugar level) and swellings such as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and fibrinogen and assess their relationship with incident diabetes.

A convenience sample of 880 middle-aged, multiethnic and non-diabetic adults
After five years follow-up (n =144) had developed diabetes

Comparison descriptive study of diabetic and pre-diabetic patients that assesses the impact of deity on participant’s hemostasis nature using the changes on their blood sugar level.

Level VI: evidence from a comparison/
descriptive study

A total of 144 incident cases of type 2 diabetes developed over 5 years, yielding a crude incidence of type 2 diabetes of 163 per 1,000.
A positive relationship between the simplified dietary pattern score and risk of diabetes was observed, regardless of age, sex, race/ethnicity/clinic, family history of diabetes, glucose tolerance status at baseline, energy expenditure.

* The study involved fewer cases and less aggressive follow-up than expected in such a study.
* Despite the fact that dietary consumption represents the normal intake over the past year, its evaluation emerged contemporaneously with the assortment of baseline levels of PAI-1 and fibrinogen

Motahari-Tabari, et al. (2015)

To investigate the effects of 8 weeks aerobic exercise on insulin resistance and blood sugar level in type 2 diabetes

Convenience sample of (n = 53) Type 2 diabetic women
Randomly divided into two groups as exercise (n=27) and control (n=26).

An experimental and a randomized clinical trial that is also partly comparison descriptive study of impacts of exercise on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes:

Level VI: evidence from a comparison/
descriptive study

It revealed that aerobic exercises training promote the effectiveness of medical treatment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. As the participants became hungry in the exercises training, hence recording low blood sugar (FBS) and normal Serum Insulin compared to the control group.

* Lack of patients’ follow-up
* The researchers failed to evaluate the instantaneous effect of physical exercise on glucose and insulin levels after training.

Torjesen, et al. (2012)

To compare and evaluate both single and joint influence of diet and exercise intervention for 1 year on insulin resistance and on blood sugar level on Type 2 diabetes patients

Convenience sample of men and women with Type 2 diabetes
Total ( N = 219)
(n = 35) diet group
(n = 67) diet and exercise group
(n = 54); exercise group
(n = 43): control group

Comparison and Descriptive study that also involves a randomized clinical trials on Type 2 diabetes patients

* VI: evidence from a comparison and descriptive study

Showed significant correlations between the calculated insulin resistance and BMI (r = 0.54) and correlations between the mean blood sugar level (mBP) (r = 0.26) and PAI-1 (r = 0.40).

* Insufficient evidence is currently availabl...