Answer some geographical questions

Geographical: Test Questions Name Course Instructor Institution Date (Redirect Notice, 2024) The Continental Drift hypothesis, brought forward by Alfred Wegener in 1912, suggested that continents move across Earth's surface. Matching coastlines of continents, particularly South America and Africa, Similar fossil distributions across now-separated continents, such as Mesosaurus fossils found in both South America and Africa, and aligned mountain ranges across continents, like the Appalachians in North America and the Caledonides in Scotland (Johnson, 2019). Wegener's idea inspired the concept of past supercontinent configurations, which remains useful in understanding Earth's geological history. The most recent supercontinent, Pangaea, is believed to have occurred about 280 million years ago (Ghose & Geggel, 2018). However, the Continental Drift hypothesis was initially rejected by the scientific community because it lacked a credible mechanism to describe how solid continents could plow through oceanic crust. The Plate Tectonic Concept explains that Earth's external layer is divided into moving plates. This theory evolved from Continental Drift, providing the long-sought mechanism for continental movement. It explained that continents do not plow through oceans, but rather, entire plates (including both continental and oceanic crust) move as a unit. The information supporting this theory includes Sea floor spreading, magnetic striping of the ocean ground, and spreading of tremors and volcanoes. Most data was collected from ocean basins. The interest in the Cold War led to extensive oceanic research. (Redirect Notice, 2024b) There are various forms of plate boundaries, such as convergent, divergent, and transform. Convergent boundaries can form mountains (like the Himalayas) when continents collide or deep ocean trenches and volcanic arcs when the oceanic crust subducts beneath another plate. Divergent: Plates move ap...