White Paper on Port Security Past 2021

Port Security Past 2021
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Port Security Past 2021
A steady supply of cargo containers is essential to globalized trade. Although the global shipping industry is vital, it is also tremendously vulnerable. Just approximately two percent of shipments, as per government estimates, have their cargo checked. Terrorists have used containers to transport goods and even people. With the recent surge in terrorist operations, illicit commodities and person movement has become a major concern. Terrorists might utilize port containers to transport dangerous materials or munitions and even use containers as weapon systems in their own right. Before September 11, the harbor employees paid little attention to these difficulties. Maritime security services focused on overall illegal behavior, corporal enforcement, and military members' defense in the period preceding up to September 11 (Nguyen et al.,2021). The government had identified a maritime terrorist danger before September 11, but no substantial protective measures to prevent or neutralize it. Before September 11, new approaches for tracking commodities, testing the limits, shutting the countrywide supply chain, and leveraging public-private partnerships to boost security controls were all recommended, but none were adopted. When it came to security controls, there was a lack of urgency. Following the September 11 terrorist attacks, comprehensive federal legislation, the Marine Transportation Security Act (MTSA), was adopted in November 2002, culminating in countless new rigorous marine security standards (Mitchell, 2018).
Area Maritime Security Committees (AMSCs) draw together federal, statewide, local officials, enforcement agencies, and business groups to address marine security problems. To ensure the most effective utilization of resources and raise marine understanding of terrorist risks, AMSCs must coordinate on ports security protocols. A Coast Guard council is constituted for each port to conduct the business of port parties. Even while AMSCs exist in all ports, they differ greatly in size, stakeholder engagement, frequency of meetings, and operating procedures. AMSCs cooperate through periodic communication, electronic warnings of suspicious activities within maritime facilities, and crucial document exchange programs (Kraska & Pedrozo, 2013). In conjunction with AMCs, several harbors have developed methodologies and technologies for detecting and controlling port-related safety issues and facilitating intelligence sharing.
State and federal criminal justice systems and private business experts attend regular safety conferences at the Boston harbor to examine information about the dock's safety. Everyday briefs (by email or phone call) are conducted in Port Everglades, Charleston, and Tampa. The briefs usually focus on maritime security problems such as unusual activity, outstanding warrants, and fresh information (Nguyen et al.,2021). Personal and institutional security officers and harbor intel teams, and particular departments within homeland security centers are usually present. Tacoma's Port Security, Charleston's Seahawk, Houston's Port Security Service, which incorporates an intelligence aspect that develops harbor awareness of safety, are all overseen by the Coast Guard. These organizations or divisions are entrusted with obtaining and analyzing intelligence that might influence port security. Tampa Port Watch, a marine neighborhood watch group, takes similar methods. Homeland Security is responsible for terrorist activity at the San Diego Harbor Department.
Managing or organizing the dock's information systems is another suggested harbor recommended approach. Charleston's Yard Management is an instance of a technology that blends data and safety. The YMS is a great instrument for strengthening port security since it records all that enters and departs the port and all freight moving machinery. Savannah Navis WebAccess gives seaport, and terminal workers access to essential terminal transaction data and provides protection and safety help when terrorist attacks or other catastrophes occur (Dibaei et al.,2019). The MPS/ATLAS technology in Seattle, for example, allows for quick detection of loss and destruction and threat intelligence management.
The boundary of the harbor could be guarded in a variety of methods. Perimeter security, including gateways and fences, watch posts and watchtower, and lighting, is recommended in this concept. Waterside accessibility limitations to seaports and also infrastructural options could be explored. "High-tech" and "low-tech" fences and other security measures are required. A basic fence may be supplemented with numerous security components to make it more difficult to infiltrate. Fences can be used with caltrops, spike strips, and anti-vehicle barriers to halt a vehicle in its tracks. These low-cost, high-value security technologies might help ports in various ways. Seaborne security/floating booms and barriers are used at both Boston and Port Everglades (Boukhalfa et al.,2022). Floating booms are used by Port Everglades to safeguard cruise ships from dangers at sea. To increase safety, ports, cargo transportation, as well as warehouses should all be well-lit. Solar-powered Street lamps and mobile signal towers are used in a number of ports. Empty cargo containers are placed door to door at almost all ports. Because such cargo containers are stacked door-to-door, terrorists, stowaways, thieves, and smugglers are unable to get entrance.
Interagency operations facilities, increased security systems, new technological monitoring devices, and enhanced enforcement agencies have reduced maritime accessibility. As science evolves, existing access control techniques are being squeezed out. Within the United States, the Transportation Worker Identification Credential will transform safety controls in a short period. Facial, retinal, pupil, fingerprints are becoming increasingly popular at docks, even though biometric authentication technology such as these are have become more prevalent (Banerjee et al.,2011). Many ports use low-cost data to evaluate port access in addition to high-tech choices, including personnel Identification numbers placed on color scheme work attire for easy recognition. Major port operations typically compel all workers and visitors to enter a free shuttle, prohibiting access to places not permitted.
Seaports employ cutting-edge detection systems to safeguard all operations and valuables. The above innovations are good prospects, particularly when integrated with other well-known security measures such as closed-circuit cameras, sensor recognition, and traffic monitoring. CCTV and video processing are all controlled at docks using a unified graphical interface at a central station (Martz et al.,2017). Other methods analyze footage base...