Discussion on Bullying

Bullying
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Bullying
Based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), bullying refers to unwanted aggressive behaviors by individuals outside the family structure perceived as power imbalance and can be repeated multiple times (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017). Indeed, it might lead to social, psychological, educational, or physical harm. The five systems in Bronfenbrenner’s theory that influence a child’s development process include microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, chronosystem, and macrosystem. These systems might predispose a child to bully. For example, the microsystem comprises peers, school, family, daycare facility, neighborhood playground, and religious organizations. The mesosystem involves the child’s interactions with the microsystem. For instance, a teacher who punishes a child harshly can promote bullying. The exosystem entails informal and formal social structures. Good examples are neighbors, extended family, school board, government agencies, healthcare services, and parents’ friends. The macrosystem involves cultural elements, such as ethnicity, socioeconomic status, poverty, and wealth. These factors significantly influence a child’s interactions and behaviors, leading to bullying. The chronosystem comprises major life or environmental changes. For example, a child might become aggressive after realizing that his or her parents are getting divorced.
Parents can be an influencing factor in whether a child is prone to bullying. Bullies are likely to suffer from depression, criminality, and delinquency in their adulthoods (National Institute of Mental Health, 2013). In contrast, victims usually have lower self-esteem, depression, poor psychosocial adjustments, chronic anxiety, and psychosomatic complaints (Shetgiri et al.,...