Geographical Information System Model for Urban Oil Spill Management

Literature Review Name of Student Institution Affiliation Geographical Information System Planning Model for Urban Oil Spill Management Literature review Oil spillage is a form of pollution that poses a significant threat to the environment especially in areas that have industrialization taking place. In the research paper, the primary aim was to identify various ways and in which forms pollution of urban centers occurred through oil spills. The researchers conducted research using multiple methodologies and made some findings discussed in the paper. Research questions First, the researchers were required to formulate specific questions about the oil spillage, how it occurs and where it occurs as well as its impacts and remedies. They include: * What are the specific areas where the oil spillage occurs? * What is the amount in terms of volumes leaked to the environment? * Which are the most effective ways to prevent pollution from happening? Methodology Various methodologies were used in the collection of data such as geo-referencing method and database of oil spills records was compiled. The micro excel spreadsheet was also used to ensure that there is clear manipulation of data. The data was influential in developing the mechanism of preventing future spillages. Findings It is worth noting that developing proper prevention and control measures were critical. The planning model of Geographic Information system was found to be useful in determining oil spills through records. Roads along urban areas were found to be the most affected by oil spills mainly caused by leakages of equipment such as pipes, containers, and fuel tanks. According to Li (2001), oil spills in the city of Toronto were estimated to be 1.6 million liters of oil a year ending up in water bodies such as a lake. The findings indicated that the leakages were caused by human error and recommended employee training to minimize the leakages. Weaknesses However, the research did not give an elaborate plan on how to conduct a cleanup exercise on areas affected by oil...