Write a Review to a published work in the field of cybersecurity

Cybersecurity Article Review Student’s Name Institution Course # and Name Professor’s Name Submission Date Article Summary The article by Leventopoulos et al. (2024) addresses the problem of the growing threat and complexity of cyber warfare in the world. Cyber-attacks have become a preferred weapon due to their precision, potential to avoid physical destruction, and the capacity to cause significant disruption without loss of life. Technological advancements are appreciated in almost all fields of work, including the military and intelligence community. International agencies in charge of security are aware of the substantial threat that cybersecurity has on the national security of each state. Digital devices have also been integrated into many homes, public facilities and business operations, giving cybercriminals a significant advantage (Li & Liu, 2021). Since the 9/11 attacks that occurred more than two decades ago, security agencies have not found a long-standing solution to cyber threats because of their evolving nature. The authors argue that a comprehensive and structured decision-making framework is essential to enhance the ability of state actors to respond effectively to cyber threats. The article notes that no single framework has quickly resolved a decision on whether to retaliate against a kinetic or a cyberattack. Building upon fundamental principles of military doctrines and international law on cyber operations, the key challenges identified are termination, proportionality and attribution. Models applied to solve this problem were based on defining clear boundaries, introducing a chain of command, roles and responsibilities and identifying the potential for specific actions. The authors suggest an incident response framework with three distinct phases: the alert, formulation, and response. The framework applies to the military and other sections of national security. Moreover, Leventopuolos et al. (2024) present strong arguments focused on cybersecurity in the military context. The authors suggest that this framework can be improved by continuously monitoring key performance indicators, establishing command structure and leveraging machine learning algorithms. However, the application of international law in cyber operations has been debatable for decades. Cybersecurity also causes no physical harm or ...