Assignment 1 International Organizations. Social Sciences Essay

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What is Global Governance? Why the growing need for global governance? Discuss and detail actors and varieties of global governance.
According to the Commission in Global Governance in 1995, global governance is defined as a continuing process of arranging and accommodating the interests of individuals and institutions, both private and public, through formal and informal arrangements (Karns and Mingst, 2004).
With the international challenges that this world is facing, there is an increasing need for global governance. The result of Cold War along with the appearance of transnational civil society and the nature of state sovereignty all contribute to the growing need of governance. Significant changes on the roles of various actors will be altered as a result. With global governance, trading among countries will be increased, there will be growth in foreign investments, emergence of short term capital flows, advancement of technology will be shared easily as well as the increasing workforce due to the flow of workers (Karns and Mingst, 2004).
The actors in global governance include the states, subnational and local jurisdictions, transnational and transgovernmental networks of actors, IGOs, NGOs, experts and epistemic communities, multi stakeholders, and multinational corporations. States, as one of the key actors in global governance, have sovereignty over its territory and the people and has also authority delegated to international institutions. IGOs and its mandates, international laws and norms as well as its effectiveness are all created by the state which are all important in global governance. As created by the state, IGO is mainly concerned with their structural attributes, processes and programs in relation to decision-making. In terms of being an actor, IGOs play a role as international civil servants in motivating action of the states, incorporating various efforts of groups, supplying diplomatic skills for agreements to be secured and assuring that the programs implemented are effective. NGOs, on the other hand, is a reliable source of information in regards to environment and human rights as well as corruption. Moreover, they also contribute in spreading awareness of certain issues. Experts are needed in providing knowledge and explaining the cause and effects of environmental problems. They also provide cost-effective alternatives and solutions in dealing these various issues. Through multistakeholders, communication will be easier, traveling among the countries will be convenient for the purpose of promoting collaboration and ideas and knowledge will be disseminated efficiently. The multinational corporations are involved in conducting operations and transactions of businesses for profits. They also provide licenses to industries locally and foreign suppliers, contract for manufacturer, turnk...