Consciousness in Psychology and the Issues that Engaged Developmental Psychologist

Quiz2 For Psychology 

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Single Choice questions

1.Body organs first begin to form and function during the period of the _____________; within 6 months, during the period of the_________ , the organs are suffi- ciently functional to allow a chance of survival.

a. zygote; embryo b. zygote; fetus c. embryo; fetus d. placenta; fetus 

2.Which of the following is true of motor-skill development

a.It is determined solely by genetic factors.

b.The sequence, but not the timing, is universal.

c. The timing, but not the sequence, is universal.

d. It is determined solely by environmental factors.

3. In Erikson’s stages, the primary task during adolescence is

a. attaining formal operations.

b. forging an identity.

c. developing a sense of intimacy with another person. d. living in

d. dependent of parents.

4. Although development is lifelong, there is stability of personality over time. For example,

a. most personality traits emerge in infancy and persist throughout life.

b. temperament tends to remain stable throughout life.

c. few people change significantly after adolescence.

d. people tend to undergo greater personality changes as they age.

 5.Females and males are very similar to each other. But one way they differ is that

a. women are more physically aggressive than men.

b. men are more democratic than women in their leadership roles.

c. girls tend to play in small groups, while boys tend to play in large groups.

d. women are more likely to commit suicide.

6. Gender role refers to our

a. sense of being male or female.

b. expectations about the way males and females should behave.

c. biological sex.

d. unisex characteristics.

7. In describing the sexual response cycle, Masters and Johnson noted that

a. plateau phase follows orgasm.

b. men experience a refractory period during which they cannot experience orgasm.

c. the feeling that accompanies orgasm is stronger in men than in women.

d. testosterone is released equally in women and men.

8. Sensory adaptation helps us focus on

a. visual stimuli. 

b. auditory stimuli. 

c. constant features of the environment. 

d. important changes in the environment.

9.In listening to a concert, you attend to the solo instrument and perceive the orchestra as accompaniment. This illustrates the organizing principle of

a. figure-ground.

b. shape constancy.

c. grouping.

d. depth perception.

10. A medieval proverb notes that “a burnt child dreads the fire.” In operant conditioning, the burning would be an example of a

a.primary reinforcer. b. negative reinforcer.

c. punisher. d. positive reinforcer.

Essay Questions:

1. What is the place of consciousness in psychology’s history?

2. What three issues have engaged developmental psychologists?

3. What is the impact of prosocial modeling and antisocial modeling?

4.How do positive and negative reinforcement differ, and what are the basic types of reinforcers?