Emerging Concepts and Practices in Healthcare

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Introduction
There are many emerging concepts and practices in healthcare. There are increasing technological advancements and conceptualisation of theories and knowledge, which underpins healthcare's major transformation. All these changes marked by innovations, creativity, and theoretical frameworks are geared tows improving patients outcomes. Evidenced-based practices and value-based practices are some of the broad and core concepts that are considered essential in delivering quality healthcare services. The current healthcare is governed by a wide range of values, principles, conventions, and physiological foundations such as nurses' candour. Values encompass principles that govern behaviours. The values-based practice is a theoretical framework comprising of knowledge and skills base for effective healthcare decision-making. There are seamless possibilities of conflict regarding given values and principles. This paper will focus on various issues, including value-based healthcare practice, effective healthcare communication, and the 10 Essential Capabilities (ESCs), in the context of a clinical case.
Part One
The values-based practice is an extensive strategy use to support clinical decision-making. It is an approach to providing practical skills and tools for eliciting individual values and negotiating such values while considering the available best evidence. The values-based practice originated from the mental health discipline, where it focused on values that influence decisions regarding a person's health, clinical practices ad research. The values-based practice involves broad-based phenomena that have a remarkable set of values and principles. The value-based practice is often associated with evidence-based practice. In most cases, it complements clinical ethics, evidence-based medicine, and clinical decision-making. It is characterised by core features in healthcare, including multi-disciplinary team-working, collaborations, and patient-centred care.
The 10 Essential Capabilities (ESCs) reflect a framework that provides the fundamental building blocks for the education, training, and continuing development geared towards helping healthcare workers deliver values- and rights-based and person-centered care (NHS Education of Scotland,2012, pp.1-3). This framework is comprising of ten areas of interest, including working in partnership, respecting diversity, practising ethically, challenging inequality, promoting recovery, well-being, and self-management, identifying people's needs and strengths, providing person-centered care, making a difference, promoting safety and risk enablement and personal development and learning (NHS Education of Scotland,2012, pp.1-40). Patients, including mental health clients from minority marginalised or underserved populations, receive a relatively inferior quality of health services due to cultural differences (Evans et al.2012, pp. 261-262). Healthcare delivery is considered a global issue, which infuses cultural diversity in any healthcare setting from a global cultural perspective. The historical, economic, social, and political factors all contribute towards the shortage of nurses globally, which occasioned nurse migration. This phenomenon often leads to a clash of cultures and misunderstandings, or conflict between clients and nurses, which impair the quality and efficacious healthcare services (Li, Nie & Li, 2014. pp.314-317). Cultural competency can be enhanced by conducting competency assessments among local and internationally educated nurses to ensure public safety. For example, there is a need for transitional programs for foreign nurses to gain proficiency in a language, healthcare systems, culture, and nursing practice for internationally trained or foreign nurses (Xu, Y. and He, 2012, pp.215). Nurses need cultural; competency to navigate and cope with a healthy environment that requires teamwork and interprofessional collaboration.
Working in Partnership
Work and people do not exist nor operate in isolation. Collaboration and partnership are highly required practices in contemporary healthcare. Medical education and training must emphasise chronic illness care, interprofessional teamwork, and working in partnership with patients and families to meet current and future healthcare needs (Towle et al., 2014. pp.301-306). .Everything, including systems and people, is highly interconnected and interrelated in a broader supra-system. Person-centred care (PCC) practice value the involvement of patients through patient-professional partnerships. This partnership is essential because it increases patients' sense of responsibility, duty, obligation, and control regarding their health (Wolf, pp. 2017, pp.1-7). In one of the studies, findings showed that patients tend to value a process of human connectedness beyond formal practice aspects of documenting agreed goals and care planning. Health care is inextricably linked to relationships with others, such as service users, carer givers, and family members, other practitioners in the multi-agency groups, and practitioners from the more comprehensive health and social care community, pressure groups, and the general public (McGonagle, Jackson & Kane, 2015, pp.5).
Person-centered care enhances patients' confidence in professionals who are competent and can offer care that is safe and secure (Wolf, pp. 2017, pp.1-7). Informal components of partnership allow for communication and cooperation on which formal relations of partnership can develop. There is a great need for collaboration, partnerships, and teamwork in most events, processes, strategies, interventions, and planning, in healthcare delivery. Working in a partnership involves nurturing, developing, and sustaining constructive working relationships with different people (NHS Education of Scotland, 2012, pp.8). It entails working positively with any tensions created by conflicts of interest or variations in aspirations, practices, and values that emanate from partners' interaction in care delivery. Working in partnership revolves around the engagement or participation of persons involved in providing care or receiving care. These partnerships entail providing services in an approach that is meaningful to all parties and nurtures production and mutual relationships. The concept of partnership practices perceives clients, customers, and patients as partners, who operate in multi-disciplinary and team working environments, connecting with the broader community. Working in the partnership involves valuing individuals as equals in their care and treatment, acknowledging the positive part that families and friends or relatives, and engaging people as partners in care to optimise their decision-making role (NHS Education of Scotland,2012, pp.8-12). Values such as respect and recognition of individuals' differences are critical to developing true partnerships.
Respecting Diversity
The contemporary social environment lacks homogeneity. Instead, it is more heterogeneous, marked by great diversity in most aspects of humanity. People express biological diversity and variations in opinions, attitudes, perceptions, beliefs, practices, traditions, and culture (McClimens, Brewster & Lewis, 2014, pp. 45-52). These variations, as expressed in diversity, must be recognised and integrated into healthcare delivery. In essence, diversity must be recognised and respected. Respecting diversity is a critical tenet in nurturing mutual ad reproductive partnerships. Respecting involves Partnering with consumers of health services and all healthcare providers in contributing to healthcare delivery that creates value and quality in an approach that respects diversity in opinion, culture, age, disability, sexual orientation, gender, or religion. Nurses work in a culturally diverse environment. The delivery of care to culturally diverse families, peoples, and populations is demanding and challenging because it elicits constant tension among barriers, cultural manifestations, and the ethical responsibility of care (Gopalkrishnan, 2018, PP.179). The ability of the nurses to handle cultural diversity is an illustration of desired cultural competency. Nurses need to understand cultural variations and adopt healthcare approaches aligned to patients' cultural backgrounds to improve health outcomes.
Challenging Inequality
Despite existing diversity, inequality is considered as a social ill in healthcare. Inequality should be challenged across all fronts. Challenging inequality involves identifying and implementing solutions that eradicate and minimise the cause of inequality, such as stigma, discrimination, and exclusion. It also concentrates on developing social value for all people, regardless of class, gender, sexual orientation, religion, or political affiliation. Barriers that impede efforts geared towards more equal and equitable societies are centred on stigma, prejudice, and bias against a person's life choices, backgrounds, individual features, social class, religion, sexual orientation, individual's opinions, or race.
Socio-economic disparities equally contribute to disparities in health. More impoverished and more socially disadvantaged populations need more health care at any age, in terms of both volume and cost, because they are sicker (Cookson, Propper, Asaria and Raine, 2016, pp.371-372). The rich tend to seek health services at the early stages of the disease and practise more preventive care (Cookson, Propper, Asaria & Raine, 2016, pp.371-372. These variations in socio-economic factors lead to inequalities in health outcomes where the poor population experience more adverse consequences, including increasing hospitalisation, morbidities, moralities, and complications.