Judgment and Decision Making 3

RUNNING HEAD: JUDGMENT AND DECISION MAKING Topic: Judgment and Decision Making Institute: Name: Judgment and Decision Making TOPIC NO. 1. March, James. (1994). A primer on decision making: How Decisions Happen. Chapter 2: Rule Following. New York: Free Press. Though chapter one remains of importance there is some sort of disownment on the satisfaction. The issues with which it handles might at least hinder other readers from destruction to think about potential connected issues that do not appear in the scope of the plan Chapter two end up introducing the central theme of the book. The significance of looking at rules as the crude probabilistic generalizations that might when followed they may give rise to certain instances decisions that are suboptimal or even plainly erroneous. First it take up the descriptive generalization, giving emphasize on the potentiality of concentrating on unimportant and suppressing the importance, and then show how prospective rules also incorporated, hence hinging the descriptive generalization still containing these potentially error-producing traits. As the consequence, from the perspective of their background justifications, prescriptive rules are either actually or potentially. The prescriptive rules may be under or above these that are inclusive. The chapter three gives the difference between conversational and entrenchment models of generalization. Under the former, bellow or above inclusive generalizations are adaptable as the needs of the moment require, but under the later the generalization contained try too resist such continuous malleability. Decision that are based on rules can consequently be looked at as the kind of making decision in which such entrenchments that are generalized give reasons for the decision qua generalizations, do not depend on the reasons that their background justifications supply. If the force of rules thus resides in the phenomenon of being entrenched and in deed so I argue, then it becomes necessary to locate the sources of entrenchment. In examining the relationship among the rules, the formulation of rules, language and the meaning of the rules actual or potential formation is more concentrated to the understanding of the power than how it is usually used. The chapter four of the book generates a precise definition of the decisions that are based on rules and how they exist. The difference between the decisions based on rules and these that are particularistic, concentrating on the sub optimality of the rules and showing how the specify that is limited and the malleable limitations of these rules that follow the theory. Personal Experience: During the first year once I joined the college I was issued with rules and regulations which govern conduct which the students should follow while they are in the college. The aspect of rule following influenced my decision making process for what ever I decide to do it must conform to the rules and regulations being set. With such a predetermined guidelines and regulations I am bound to confine my decisions with the rules which should be followed else I would have been termed as being rebellious and be subjected to disciplinary actions which are enforced based on the rule which one has differed to follow. Our practices while in the college were bound to be guided by rules which were set. The rules were both casual and formal. There are those which one was even judged by their consciousness while they defy it hence one is bound to obey them while there are those which were set administratively to ensure that there is orderliness in the college. TOPIC NO. 2. READING 2:2. Green, R. (1984), 'Neutral, Omni-partial Rule Making, The Ethical Manager, Macmillan, New York. Neutral Omni-partial Rule Making (NORM) is a preferential term mostly fostered in rule making, it is mostly referred to as the rightfulness of a deed, this is based on the fact that when another person exemplify this perception in an informed and Omni-partial manner which depicts morals rules, usually bestowed as the enduring form of conduct familiar with all being and is fostered by every possessing analogous circumstances. This moral theory emulates the literary work of Emmanuel Kant through re-evaluation of the concept of moral judgment, while depicting utilitarianism as the favorite elements. When NORM is being put into practice normally when fostering utilitarianism, the angle that is perceived accurate would be through assessment of how the interest of the shareholders are being served or damaged indirect or directly through certain medium of conducts being portrayed. Further more this medium of moral judgment projects this literary beyond utilitarianism and pinpoint the inherent manners of the public moral judgment intervening if the judgment can be practically embraced by all that it may concern. This literary material will attempt to distinguish whether the empirical theory of the rule can be embraced through imperative Omni-partially reasoning. These would be metaphorically depicted from the perception of the stakeholder point of view on how the rule affects them, on the reverse be able to accommodate if one when subjected to this rule can be able co-exist. This thesis will attempt to explore the moral choice approach based on the positive form of deontological and the utilitarian theories basing this approach on the Green (1984) coined term NORM as the medium of clear guide of ethics and morals. Norm attempt to distinguish if the action which has transpired is either morally right considering the consequences which are fostered by that particular action. Norm will accept the action as right based on the fact that it is acceptable to all members of the society and they embrace it as s moral rule. This is usually viewed that for an action to be regarded moral right it must represent by itself and be known by all concern parties to be open in conduct and also embraces other similar circumstances, usually this is what the study calls Omni-partial reasoning which involves concurring of many principles based on moral judgment. Personal Experience: Recently employed as a Toyota Prius sales personnel I was in charge of the sales department which was selling the new hybrid model. One of the engineers in the conference one evening announced that the braking system could be defective on the new model which I was the sales representative, brake. However, the executive asked if there was a remedy to the issue, the engineer informed that it would take some time to locate the fault. When it was my turn to speak regarding the sales I announced that my team had already sold over one thousand of the defective automobile, I also accounted for the orders to be shipped to Uganda a consignment of about two thousand vehicles. When I ask if I should revoke the order the executive first asked the engineer if the defects has been noticed by the buyers which they confirmed negative. From this account I was told to offer the buyer a lucrative bargain that would ensure that the buyers get the vehicle in a cheaper price that would facilitate the repairs if need arise. This is one of the cases where NORM rules applies based on the fact that the prices offered facilitate the repairs as the rule of utilitarianism articulates, however, this cannot be called lying because all the executive did was hide the information from the customers as our job mostly relied on the sale of the new model so if they would have revoked all the orders then we would have been retrenched. However, deontology rule will articulate that we did wrong on the basis of allowing shipping and sale of defective Prius. TOPIC NO. 3. READING 3:2. Parkin, J. (1996), Design Choice Using Social Impact Criteria; A Transmission Tower Ex...