Information Systems

INFORMATION SYSTEMS (Insert Name) (Institutional Affiliation) Question 3: Reflect on the power/knowledge interplay that Information Technology opens up and then critically analyze how this is manifested in IT-led organizational initiatives. To develop your essay please select as a case two (?) examples that have been covered in the lectures (e.g. learning process, BPR & ERP, public sector information systems, knowledge management systems etc). Introduction The use of information technology is both powerful and at the same time a rich source of knowledge. The employment of information technology can be in learning environments and in business and work related fields. Information technology can therefore be used support existing power structures and mould new ones at the same time. This essay examines how information technology is used to access knowledge and expertise and how it is used in various organizations as a powerful tool in the running of these institutions. This paper will examine these concepts focusing on BPR & ERP, and knowledge management systems (Jagdish, 1994, p.4) Power/knowledge interplay that information technology opens up Information technology offers various powerful tools that can be used in various organizations at different levels. These tools are important in managing time, resources, accuracy, competency, and reliability. The powerful features of information technology have be generally categorized as either database or web based in this essay. Database tools The information of a given organization can be organized so as to make it easy to access, analyze, manage and update. These databases are organized by fields, records and files. The database is developed by a database management system which is a collection of programs that enables one to enter, organize, and select data in a database. The databases offer the user with the benefit of security as well. The database can be designed so as to protect the security and the integrity of the information (Gunson & Jean-Paul, 2001, 12). In addition, this tool is important in enabling the sharing data that would otherwise be cumbersome in traditional methods. The speed and accuracy of accessing data is also enhanced to a greater degree. These databases also offer the user with the ability to generate reports as regards to the available data. For instance, this can be customer related reports in a business firm. These are therefore important in making decisions and planning on future projects of the organization. The ability of these databases running a large number of files also helps in cost reduction and hence suitable strategies in cost cutting. These database tools are important in enabling data portability with ease. The information stored and retrieved through these databases is also reliable since it does not suffer the effect of manipulation (Jeffrey & Kathyrn, 2003). This is an important aspect in various organizations that have sensitive and vital data that is used in the running of the organization. Another important aspect is the ability to give people with disabilities the power to access and process information. GPS navigation systems have enabled people with visual impairments improve on their mobility and text to speech technology has enabled them use computers. A well managed and run database systems also helps in the prevention of crimes and fraudulent activities that would have otherwise gone unnoticed. This is because most accounting software for instance, will show every detail of transaction and hence the author will held accountable if such a transaction is unwarranted. Web-based tools The internet and search engines can be powerful sources of business and other fields’ information. In addition, this is a powerful tool in communication within an organization and at the same time offering external links. In addition, the various advertising sites are now web based and hence are crucial in enhancing profitability of an organization pr business. The availability of social site on the web also enables in enhancing interaction within an organization and the outside world (Neal, 2002, p.18). The use of such sites provides a powerful tool of ensuring that information and knowledge is shared and new idea learnt for the improvement of an organization. By bridging distance, the web based tools help in saving money and time since not all activities now require a face to face interaction. The need for large spaces in offices has been limited by the advancement made in this sector. It is therefore offers a useful link at a much reduced cost. Information technology offers users with a variety of choices enabling them get the right products and services to fit their requirements. E-commerce for instance lets people buy and sell a variety of goods and services that would have been difficult to find at a local store. The use of IT has enabled in holding organizations accountable. For instance, individuals can go online and used web tools to provide feedback on what the government should do. In addition, the use of modern digital cameras has enabled the sharing of images and videos that expose certain rotten behavior in the society (Jeffrey & Kathyrn, 2003). The IT field has also enabled individuals take control of their own lives given that information is now available on the internet and accessible by a simple device such as a mobile phone. For example, a farmer will be able to get information relating to his or her produce at home and take necessary steps rather than having to rely on other agents or individuals for the same information. The use of information technology in creating job opportunities is also a major contribution made. Many individuals are now running on-line jobs and others run cyber cafes. This is an important tool in not only in improving the lives of people but also a major contributor to the global economy. The above tools can be seen to empower individuals in many ways and thereby improving of their lives and businesses. However, information technology can be used in education as well. Access to variety of learning resources: IT enhances the teaching and the earning skills through the provision of audio and visual education. These are important aspects that cover both the normal and the physically challen...