Environmental Justice Case: West County Toxics Coalition and the Chevron Refinery

Environmental Justice Case Study
West County Toxics Coalition and the Chevron Refinery
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Case Description
Environmental justice case studies often enlighten the public on environmental issues that put their habitat at risk. In 1993, Chevron had initiated plans to raise the chemical storage and the number of dangerous chemicals within the Richmond area. Chevron is among the major oil firms in the globe. It runs factories and industrial plants in Richmond, California. The company's activities have been a threat to the environment for a long time, despite its advertisement pointing out that it is concerned about environmental health. The facility argued that it was making efforts to conform to the Clean Air Act mandates. The company believed that its initiative was part of evolving cleaner-burning gas that would eventually stop the air contamination cases in San Francisco Bay. However, the variations were a major risk as they exposed the local community to higher pollution levels. The community ranked among the poor and mostly comprised of African Americans. The issue reflected a clear case of environmental injustice and called for relevant authorities to intervene.
The phase was set for conflict as the area's people were destined to fight for their lives. They were subjected to advocate for their well-being, security, and the future of their home residence. Many people from the Richmond communal have come organized under the excellent of the public organization. The people have battled the toxics since 1986, which makes the case an important subject. An ecological group from the San Francisco Bay Area provides methodological and scientific help to the local community groups. The group also gives scientific info and expertise regarding the Chevron plants and other industrial factories to Richmond inhabitants. The Golden Gate University Law School in San Francisco offers the people legal info and knowledge to the local public groups that cannot access the corporate lawyers.
Annotation
Corburn, J., Curl, S., & Arredondo, G. (2014). A health-in-all-policies approach addresses many of Richmond, California's place-based hazards, stressors. Health Affairs, 33(11), 1905-13. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2014.0652
Most of the cases of environmental injustices have been identified in the area residents of the minorities. According to Corburn, Curl, and Arredondo (2014), the poor and minority communities in Richmond, California, are exposed to hazards and stressors such as pollution, among other issues. Such factors are considered the reason for the poor health outcomes for the population and the low living conditions that refuse to change. The authors describe the efforts initiated by California's city to reverse its riches by adopting a health rules strategy for the community growth plans. However, such initiatives have been proven ineffective with major environmental criminals such as Chevron Oil refineries in the region. Such companies make it difficult for the strategies and policies to be effective with their continuous pollution and environmental degradation.
The article is publishing in a well-known health journal, making it a credible source for the study. The authors also have experience in health and environmental studies, making their work reliable for academic and environmental consultation purposes. The peer-review nature of the work assures the researcher that the information is reviewed and approved before publishing. Therefore, the article's content can be adopted for research to give an excellent review on the topic. The article also focuses specifically on the Richmond area in California, where the environmental injustice case study is based. As a result, the researcher can access critical information about the region and how it has been affected by the city's oil refinery.
Grineski, S., Danielle, X. M., Collins, T., Hernandez, E., & Fuentes, A. (2019). The burden of carcinogenic air toxics among Asian Americans in four US metro areas. Population and Environment, 40(3), 257-282. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11111-018-0308-4
The article explores the causes of injustices around the Asian Americans in the United States metro areas. The authors review the disparity in suburban exposure to air contaminants among the Asian American population. The study's key metro areas are Honolulu, Los Angeles, San Francisco Bay Area, and Seattle. The article bases its findings on the socio-economic contexts, implying that low living conditions are more exposed to the toxicities. According to the article, the areas surrounded by minorities are the most targeted by the polluting companies. Companies such as Chevron Oil refineries target these regions where people may not have the voice to air their concerns about the environmental injustice.
Fortunately, the courts and relevant agencies in these regions have proven to be more concerned and advocate for the people's health and well-being. The article uses a variety of research studies on the same topic to increase knowledge about the issue. The article is published in an environmental-based journal, making it an adequate and reliable source of data for the study. The authors have credit for the work and are known for their experience in environmental studies. Their knowledge and familiarity with the topic make their work admissible in academic and research practices. The article was published recently, which implies that it has the most recent information about the topic and the case study, Chevron Oil refineries in Richmond, California. The peer-review nature also gives it the credibility it deserves to be considered academic and consulted for other environmental oriented purposes.
LeQuesne, T. (2019). From carbon democracy to carbon rebellion: Countering petro-hegemony on the frontlines of climate justice. Journal of World-Systems Research, 25(1), 15-27. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/JWSR.2019.905
The article integrates the salient case of environmental injustice in the fight against the fossil fuel industry in the United States and Canada. The authors adopt a theoretic intervention in the research on commercial power, grassroots democracies, and counter-hegemony. LeQuesne (2019) argues that carbon democracy is a significant concept that helps understand how fossil fuel dependence shapes and impairs democratic governance. The author uses Chevron's case in Richmond, the water protectors, and the Dakota Access Pipeline, among others, to explore the issue of environmental injustice. The article expresses that the use of fossil fuels is beneficial to humanity and, at the same time, harmful to their well-being. The article explores the forces behind the use of fossil fuels and how it is difficult to explore the same challenges and drawbacks.
The author uses Chevron Oil refineries to ...