Latin American History: Options Available. History Essay

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Introduction
Soon after a successful rebellion led by Fidel Castro in Cuba, 1959, an eminent Guerrilla warrior called Ernesto Guevara, also known as “Che” issued an essay with the title ‘Guerrilla Warfare’. After some time, the title was augmented with the words “A Method” and Message to the Tri-continental. This letter provided the procedural steps for a victorious revolution in Latin America. It also issued the analytical and empirical instructions for unorthodox war. However, Ernesto’s efforts to revive the Cuban rebellion in Bolivia culminated in a catastrophe in 1966. Guevara was arrested after a year. To better expand on the reasons why Guevara failed to implement what he learned from Castro’s success with Guerrilla tactics, an understanding of his concepts in this essay is essential.[Aremu, Johnson Olaosebikan, and Stephen Olayiwola Soetan. "Fidel Castro and the Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution, 1959-1963." World Scientific News 87 (2017): 60-76.]
The composition can be juxtaposed with Castro’s analysis that brought success in Cuba. A survey of Guevara’s theory should be examined, and the accuracy therein determined. After that, a comparison between Cuba and Bolivia’s tactics is necessary. Besides, it is crucial to consider the political environment under which Guevara attempted the revolution. Analyzing the historical background gives an insight into how Guevara implemented his doctrine. Guevara’s concept failed to consider the social factors that can lead to a successful rebellion when it copied Cuba’s insurgency. Guevara was committed to global socialism, which led to his failure as it was evident in his later works. This paper will address why the Guerrilla strategy failed in Bolivia, yet it was successful in Cuba.[Wickham-Crowley, Timothy P. Exploring Revolution: Essays on Latin American Insurgency and Revolutionary Theory: Essays on Latin American Insurgency and Revolutionary Theory. Routledge, 2019.]
Rebellious Philosophy
He had earlier on, 1960, documented an essay that claimed Cuba had disclosed the principles that are essential for Latin American countries to pursue a guerrilla fight. He summarized the lessons learned from Cuban success in three points. Firstly, he stated that prominent groups could triumph against the army. Secondly, the insurgency can establish all the needed revolution requirements, and it is not obligatory to wait for them to exist. Thirdly, in impoverished Latin America, the fundamental surrounding for warfare is the countryside. The first statement provides proof of how powerful the guerrilla fight is when it receives backup from the public.[McCormick, Gordon H., and Mark T. Berger. "Ernesto (Che) Guevara: The Last “Heroic” Guerrilla." Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 42, no. 4 (2019): 336-362.]
The second and third statements contribute to a rebellious philosophy called the foco concept. The latter indicates a break from Marxist’s traditional concept in which the masses must establish classification responsiveness by coming up with advanced capitalism, rebellious unanimity by the collaborative encounter of class maltreatment, and then a rebellion. Guevara discards what he considers a fatalistic and forbearing viewpoint. He rather campaigns for instant movement commenced by a few picks. Guevara argues that the presence of guerrilla foco can create an ultimatum to the administration’s obligation to rule in Bolivia and its absolute monopoly above violence. A contest of that magnitude should prompt the oppressive government to apply extreme oppression.
This, in turn, changed the extent of the official opposition that fuels the movement. Guevara’s last statement will be affirmed because the use of excessive force in the countryside by the government in Latin America will fall unevenly. Instead of waiting for the upper-class citizens to gain insurgency knowledge, the rural people can be evoked by the foco to back up the fight. The peasants could hide, then alert the warriors or join them in the fighting. According to Ernesto, their support can also be obtained through the buildings of the agrarian era, which will configure the main governmental expatriate of the foco.
Cuba Re-examined
Having understood Guevara’s concept, a comparison of his final remarks with the Cuban insurrection is possible. The Cuban foco began in 1956 in Sierra Maestra hills led by Castro and supported by Guevara. Fidel established a small group of warriors to fight Fulgencio Batista’s militant dictatorship. The force set up backing among the peasants in the villages and promised the people of agrarian reforms if they support them. With time, the rebellious movement grew all over the proletariat and spread to township centers. Eventually, it enabled a countrywide demonstration opposing Fulgencio administration in 1959, giving Castro power. Castro’s foco effect is described as the move that brought about a revolution. The foco fastened social unity from a small to the whole structure. It informed the people of the dictatorship exercised by Batista’s administration. Castro expertly communicated his disagreement with the ruling regime and then openly challenged the administration.[Bonachea, Ramón L. Cuban Insurrection 1952-1959. Routledge UK, 2018.]
In effect, the action fuelled a distorted reply by the president, who was the main target and influence of the revolution. The president’s response to the guerrilla foco emphasizes Guevara’s point that contesting a brutal regime causes intimidation to the rustic persons. After the incident, Fulgencio’s army castigated the villagers even for no pretext to obtain any information. The soldiers engaged in violent acts. For instance, an officer in Sierra Maestra drove away from the village peasants from Palma Mocha. He then stored human ears in cartons to display to visitors. The soldiers also used disjunction tactics as in the horrid tale of Haydee Santamaria. In her story, the officer showed her, her brother’s eyeballs attempting to obtain information from the girl by force. The brutality witnessed in Castro&rsqu...