Maritime Cyber Security
Select a peer reviewed article
Include the following information:
• Article name and author
• Is there a research question that it clearly stated or implied? If so, what is it? Do you believe it is academically rigorous?
• Is there a hypothesis or thesis or central argument that is clearly stated or implied? If so, what is it?
• Does the Author answer the "So What?" Were you convinced that the study was worth doing?
• Is the study unique in any way?
• What are the main points of the article?
• What kind of literature review is provided and/or what sources are cited? How well does it fulfill that purpose?
• How well does the Author explain their method of collecting and analyzing data? Could you replicate the study based upon the article before you?
• Is there any discussion of variables? Is so, how? Does the Author look at alternative points of view?
• Do the study's findings support the authors Goals or Thesis? How valid are they?
• Does the conclusion follow from the evidence provided? Are you persuaded by it? Why or Why Not?
• Does the Author address the implications of these results? If so, how comprehensively is this done?
• Do you notice other strengths and limitations of this study?
Maritime Cyber Security
Name
Department
Course
Instructor
Due Date
Maritime Cyber Security
• Article name and author
The chosen article is "The little-known challenge of maritime cyber security" by Joseph, DiRenzo, Dana A. Goward, and Fred S. Roberts (2015).
• Is there a research question that it clearly stated or implied? If so, what is it? Do you believe it is academically rigorous?
The research question is implied and focuses on identifying and evaluating the cyber security challenges to the marine transportation system. There are vulnerabilities to maritime cyber security, but these vulnerabilities are not well studied. The research question is academically rigorous as it addresses factors associated with vulnerabilities to marine cyber attacks, and further research can address how to improve marine cyber security.
• Is there a hypothesis or thesis, or central argument that is clearly stated or implied? If so, what is it?
The central argument is that vulnerabilities to marine cyber-attacks are little-known and concerning but have not received much attention among stakeholders. Modern ships are equipped with technology, but this also increases the risk of attacks. The Automatic Identification System (AIS) remains one of the vulnerable ship systems, but cyber security measures are inadequate (DiRenzo, Goward, & Roberts, 2015). Maritime systems and operations are susceptible to cyber-attacks, and this could paralyze navigation safety. Thus, identifying vulnerabilities that attackers could exploit should be part of maritime cyber resilience.
• Does the Author answer the "So What?" Were you convinced that the study was worth doing?
The authors highlighted improving the marine security system is essential to reduce the risk of infiltration, attacks, and compromise. The marine technology system is essential for navigation and defense against attacks. There is a risk of AIS receivers triggering false alerts such as collision warnings and affecting operations if there are compromises. To the authors improving cyber-threat awareness and training personnel is essential to thwart and recover from cyber-attacks. However, there is also a need for the marine sector stakeholders, including the government help implement best practices (DiRenzo, Goward, & Roberts, 2015).
• Is the study unique in any way?
The article is unique in highlighting the susceptibility of the marine cyber system to cyber-attacks and how this potentially affects international maritime operations. Jamming and spoofing or marine cyber security is one of the risks to marine cyber security.
• What are the main points of the article?
Identifying the weaknesses of marine cyber security is essential to improving navigation safety in the marine environment. There has been increased integration of technology in automation and network-based systems in marine operations, but this has increased vulnerabilities to cyber-attacks. Low awareness of cyber security needs in marine operations is a concern, but security vulnerability awareness, training, and assessment are essential to improve marine cyber security.
What kind of literature review is provided and/or what sources are cited? How well does it fulfill that purpose?
The literature focuses on shipboard systems, oil rigs, and cargo and port operations that require satellite navigation. The authors look into the vulnerabilities in marine cyber security based on the results of previous researchers. Grouping the literature review under similar themes helps answer the researchers' questions and uses findings from government reports and journal articles. Satellite navigation, mainly GPS, is essential in the maritime sector, but there is a high risk of attacks through jamming signals and spoofing, which is the introduction of false signals (Androjna et al., 2020).
• How well does the author explain their method of collecting and analyzing data? Could you replicate the study based upon the article before you?
The researchers did not collect data but rather reviewed and analyzed previous research work. Access to the reviewed articles would help to like the themes cyber attacks threaten maritim...