: Exploring how the Roman Empire's innovations in law, architecture, and culture have shaped contemporary Western civilization, especially today’s world

Exploring How the Roman Empire's Innovations in Law, Architecture, And Culture Have Shaped Contemporary Western Civilization, Especially Today's World Author's Name The Institutional Affiliation Course Number and Name Instructor Name Assignment Due Date Introduction The Roman Empire has long gone, but it has cast an enduring shadow on the current Western Civilization. Once it covered almost all of Europe and the Mediterranean basin, the influence of the Roman Empire was still very visible in the law, architecture, and culture of Western Civilization (Darnell, 2024). This paper delves deep into everlasting legacy, exploring the ways the Roman legal system underpins modern Western legal conduct, the way the Roman architecture influenced modern Western and United States architectural designs and the way their cultural elements resonate in modern language art and literature of the West in general and the U.S. in particular. From the court where justice is served to the oval-shaped stadium where large crowd cheer their teams and player, and from the Latin words that are used in daily life to study to their groundbreaking work in art and literature, the Roman tapestry of rich culture is reflected in the modern Western Culture. Thus, the Roman Empire might have faded physically, but its legacy continues through the presence of its ideas, culture, rich architecture, and literature. Its profound impact on Western Culture, legal system, and structures continues today. History The impact of the Roman Empire on them was colossal. Owing to its vast territorial reach, spanning from England to the Persian Gulf (Stearns, 2011). The Romans had many nations under control due to an enormous territorial land. Later, these territories became the hub of the world's culture, art, literature, and architecture (Stearns, 2011). Other than territory, Romans had mastered the work of the Greeks, from art, poetry, and architecture to political ideas, and they improved this phenomenon by adding to their mastery. For instance, the Romans adopted the architecture of Greek style large structures and improved them by adding domes, arches, and columns (Stearns, 2011). Westerners, Ottomans, and other Asian empires later adopted these building styles. Apart from architecture, Romans had a profound impact on infrastructural engineering. Vast networks of advanced roads, sewage systems, and areas of hot and cold waters in cities gave modern civilizations ideas of today's urban infrastructures (Garnsey et al., 2015). Romans improved the communications lines through expansive roads that helped them in war and peace times. Sewage systems dump the waste outside of cities, reducing diseases and improving the environment of cities. Lastly, Romans perfected the administration and hierarchy of the governmental structure (Garnsey et al., 2015). They successfully ran the affairs of government and managed the vast empire. The Western Civilization and the U.S. adopted the same structure and perfected it after the Industrial Revolution to manage complex state affairs effectively. Cultural Context Roman culture is reflected in many aspects of American society. Its influence is visible in the legal system, values, and gender roles. For instance, the legal aspects of Roman culture, such as the courthouse, judges, and the principle of being innocent until proven guilty, are principles of American jurisprudence (Kolaneci, 2024). Moreover, Roman architecture and structures with domes, curves, and columns were adopted in the United States from the beginning, and it ultimately became part of American architecture. For instance, Capitol Hill in Washington D.C. depicts Roman-style architecture with its structure with curves and columns (Garnsey et al., 2015). The Roman Colosseum in Rome, representing the Roman love for sports, became the primary style of American stadiums, with an oval shape, several existing, and a huge audience capacity (Garnsey et al., 2015). Thus, a glimpse of the Roman Empire's history is visible in various aspects of the United States. The Roman culture was collective and individualistic at the same time. They promoted the collective conscience of being Roman to inculcate patriotism in the masses while celebrating the achievements of individual leaders, such as Julius Caesar (Stearns, 2011). Romans struck a perfect balance between individualism and collective responsibility. American culture is based on individualism, while every citizen enjoys rights and freedom. At the same time, there are elements of collectivism in American society that are depicted in the Preamble of the American Constitution, which starts with "We the People of the United...