Unit 8 Discussion Board

Unit 8 Discussion Board Student Name Affiliation Course Number and Name Instructor Name Due Date Definitions The basic verbal operants, as defined by Cooper et al. (2020), are codic (textuals), intraverbals, duplic (echoics), mands, and tacts. The mand can be defined as a verbal operant whereby the motivating operation (MO) dictates the response form and the past experiences involving a particular reinforcement functionally. The tact can be theorized as a verbal behavior form whereby the nonverbal discriminative stimulus dictates the response form functionally. In echoic, the auditory-verbal discriminative stimulus with a formal similarity functionally controls the vocal response form. Textual relation can be defined as a verbal behavior whereby the response form is dictated by verbal discriminative stimulus functionally and the previous experiences with the generalized stimulus. A verbal behavior whereby the response form is dictated by a verbal discriminative stimulus functionally without a point-to-point correspondence creates the intraverbal relation (Copper et al., 2020). Examples and Reinforcement Point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity constitute important defining attributes of verbal behavior. Each verbal operant is maintained by a distinct antecedent and a consequence event (Fryling, 2017). The mand and the tact lack a formal similarity or point-to-point correspondence because they relate to controlling stimuli. A motivating operation (MO) dictates the mand. For example, saying “water” when thirsty is the mand, and the MO is water deprivation, and this augments the reinforcing value of water. On the other hand, a nonverbal discriminative stimulus (SD) controls the tact. For example, seeing a dog could make someone say “dog”; thus, tact is a response to an environmental stimulus and typically entails sharing information. Only the verbal operants influenced by a verbal SD demonstrate formal similarity and point-to-point correspondence (Cooper et al., 2020). The formal similarity is when a verbal and the stimulus it controls a...