Short/essay Questions Behavioral Assessment Paradigm. Psychology Essay

SHORT/ESSAY QUESTIONS
Name
Institution Affiliation
Behavioral assessment paradigm?
Behavioral assessment is a way of observation, relating, explaining, foretelling and correcting behavior. Behavioral assessment paradigm is a set of notions which include principles, approaches and ethics that establish lawful contributions to the behavioral assessment field. It can be used in clinics, corporate and educational setting. It is used to treat physiological problems and has a variety of techniques to do this. Applied behavior analysis(ABA) is application of behavior that emphases on estimating how variables in the surrounding impact knowledge principles. Cognitive behavior assessment looks at emotions preceding behavior with treatment strategies in psycho-therapy to reduce the problem.
According to Robertson (2010), principles of behavior assessments include cost efficiency and incremental validity that is principles of health care. Evaluation experimental, focus on the environment, have interest in the impact of a behavior, views behavior as anticipated and analyses bidirectional interactions. These characteristics are what make up behavioral assessment by nature.
Behavioral assessment paradigm has broad and flexible set of methods. These include management of behavior, contingency management, observational learning, modeling, exposure and response prevention and flooding among others. Behavior management focuses on actions that enhance the probability of people choosing behaviors that are fulfilling, productive and socially acceptable (Brophy, 1986). Contingency management uses punishments and rewards to ensure that patients regarding obedience to or failure to observe to the platform instructions and guidelines. Observational learning takes the form of social learning through observing the behavior of others. modeling is where a client learns by imitating another person’s behavior. In prevention of exposure and response to a stimulus of a behavior the patient is refrained from the escape response. In flooding the client is exposed to him or her painful memories with the intentions of reintegrating the repressed emotions with current surroundings.
Compare and contrast deductive and empirical strategy (remember to provide examples of tests/assessments). Discuss their sub-strategies.
Deductive test strategy is also referred to as rational or intuitive test method. The process involves creating a theory for constructing interest, items that measure up to the side of the constructed interest are developed, and lastly evaluation of the items created is done through selection and elimination of an item that will produce strong results for the developed scales. This is different to empirical strategy as empirical strategy focuses on developing measures that differentiates between groups that have been established.
The difference between the deductive strategy and empirical strategy is that measures of deductive strategy can cut across different populations while those of empirical method are used to differentiate specific groups. Deductive strategy uses theories that may be existing or may construct a new one in order to create a response item. This is different to empirical strategy which uses analysis of statistical data from administered test items. Empirical strategy uses factors while deductive approach uses theories.
The rational strategy also uses logical content strategy where reasoning and logic is used in the development of measures. Here, the designer logically deduces the content type that is to measure the characteristic that is to be assessed. This is different to criterial group strategy of empirical method. The criterial group strategy uses a collection of people who share a characteristic. A group of items is distributed and administered to these people and an item that contrast the groups as identified.
Choose one of the WAIS-IV subtests and describe possible non-intellective factors that may influence an individual's performance. Support your answer with relevant sources.
The WAIS refers to the Wechsler adult intelligence scale which was developed to measure intelligence and cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents (Kaufman & Lichtenberger, 2006). The scale was developed to measure intelligence quotient in both adults and adolescents. The WAIS-IV has ten sub tests that yield scaled scores that produce full range of IQ. Digit span is one of the WAIS-IV subtests. It has the two unique fragments of digits advancing and digits inverted and there is a third slice (digits consecutive) in which a person has to say the digits in order of scale.
This obliges the individual to hold the digits in instant memory and then to categorize them into a rising order, a task that requires working memory which uses the arithmetic core factor. Letter-Number Sequencing is a supplementary subtest for the measurement of the Working Memory Index. Two core subtests are used to measure the Processing Speed Index: Coding and Symbol Search. Some of the non-intellective factors that can affect a persons’ abilities include capacities and traits which arise from personality and behavior. The other factor is intelligent adaptive behavior which is reliant on non-intellective traits that arise from character and person.
One purpose of nonverbal and performance tests is to remove factors related to cultural influences so that "pure" intelligence can be measured. Discuss the types of factors you would want to eliminate and the likelihood of being able to do so.
Non-verbal tests have been used for a longtime to measure the intelligence of humans along with specific abilities. They base their assumptions on culture and social abilities of an individual. They try to eliminate verbal aspects that have been taught in school and those of a given culture by replacing them with skills and traits that are independent. Culture has been known to shape intelligence in various ways that is one culture may see a certain act to be in...