Literature Review: Internet of Things Improving City Lives

Chapter 2: Literature Review
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This exploratory study will explore the role of the Internet of Things (IoT) in improving the city lives at a household level. Researchers have conducted several studies on the role of this technology in smart cities. However, these studies have mainly been concerned about the industrial or commercial benefits of the technology. The main themes that have guided such studies have included the privacy and security of mobile services (Abi Sen et al. 2018; Li et al. 2019), infrastructure (Abosaq, 2019; Awad et al., 2019), the power systems (Alamaniotis et al., 2017; Sanduleac et al., 2016), smart healthcare (Alromaihi et al., 2018; Huang et al. 2017), security and privacy (Antonopoulos et al. 2017; Beltran et al., 2017), and the utilization of the technology by the citizens (Chatterjee et al., 2019; Van Zoonen, 2016). The findings of these studies have shown the role that IoT has played in the various ways it has been used.
This review will focus on the subtopics to address some of the above themes and how the findings relate to the research topic. The focus on urban dwellers is prompted by Koop and Leeuwen’s (2017) study that noted that urban dwellers will account for 86% of the population in developed countries and 64% in developing states. The review will be organized into five key themes that will serve as the subtopics. The discussion will then help to establish the gap and need for application of the technology at the domestic level. The themes will include the role of IoT in improving privacy and security, the role in improving the power systems, its usage in social media, usage in healthcare development, and adoption by the citizen in their interactions. Effectiveness of the technology in the above cases will confirm its potential to impact the users at the domestic level. Therefore, the purpose of this review will be to affirm the overall impact of IoT in smart cities.
The first section of the review will explain these subtopics and how they affect the domestic lives of urban dwellers. This section will then end by highlighting how the various studies discussing these subtopics will be accessed. The section will indicate the databases used, the search approach used, the search terms and their combinations, the inclusion and exclusion criteria in terms of the range of years and the types of literature that will be used. The inclusion criteria will help focus only on studies that cover the relevant material to the study. Any material whose findings do not contribute significantly to this study will be excluded to avoid ambiguity and unnecessary crowing of the information.
The second section will discuss the theoretical or conceptual framework guiding the literature review. It will mainly include the various frameworks, models, and algorithms that surround use of this technology in improving people’s lives. Some studies have addressed the various frameworks, models and algorithms of the topic (Antonopoulos et al. 2017; Beltran et al. 2017; and Cagliero et al. 2015). The section will discuss the frameworks and models proposed by these researchers to establish a solid basis of the solutions of these technologies. This section will also highlight the challenges connected with these technologies as presented by these studies and the accompanying efforts that can help users avoid them. The rest of the review will then be dedicated in discussing the themes as the subtopics of the literature review.
☐ Provide an overview of the sub-headings in the literature that will be discussed.
The literature review section will cover studies focusing on various aspects of IoT on smart cities. As technology continues to advance, so does it applications in various aspects of people’s lives. This section will cover some of its applications in smart cities, which will be organized as themes that include the following:
Privacy and security
This section will look at how IoT is being applied to improve the security of the people in smart cities as well as their privacy. There have been several concerns about the privacy of technology users in smart cities. This section will address how IoT ensures that this privacy is maintained. Similarly, there have been concerns about the deteriorating security of major cities around the world. This section will present studies conducted where IoT has been used to improve the security of the users.
Infrastructure
Infrastructure is an essential development that enables access to specific places. This section will explain how Iot plays a pivotal role in advancing infrastructure in smart cities and how the network developed facilitates the gathering and processing of information from various sensors and smart devices around the city. The ease of information transfer, the coverage of this information, and many other factors relevant to information flow all depend on the IoT network.
Power Systems
Power systems are essential for effective operation of any city around the world. The main uses of these systems is in providing heat and light to the users in smart cities. This section will, therefore, assess how IoT in form of the wireless network technology help control the supply of heat and light in these cities. The ability to regulate this supply will show the effectiveness of technology in regulating power systems operations within the domestic settings.
Healthcare
Healthcare is one of the important areas of operation for any settings that relies on elaborate information infrastructure. This section will focus on the previous studies conducted on how IoT has helped improve access to healthcare among the city residents. The effectiveness of this technology in coordinating healthcare can also be translated towards water, power, or garbage services access.
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