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2 pages/≈550 words
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2
Style:
APA
Subject:
Literature & Language
Type:
Essay
Language:
English (U.S.)
Document:
MS Word
Date:
Total cost:
$ 7.2
Topic:
Sleep Stages
Essay Instructions:
Part A: Sleep Stages
Your textbook describes the different stages of sleep. Write the following:
Describe slow-wave sleep and REM sleep. Be sure to include
the brain activity that takes place during these two stages
what an EEG recording looks like during each of these two stages
Part B: Types of Learning
There are four basic forms of learning:
perceptual learning
stimulus-response learning
motor learning
relational learning
Write the following:
Describe two of these types of learning. Provide at least two (2) examples for each of these of a situation in which each of these types of learning occurs, being sure to cite your sources.
Part C: Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Definition, Cause & Treatment
One of your family members has been experiencing symptoms similar to generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The family member has asked you for help with finding treatment. You decide you want to research the disorder before you offer your help.
Write the following:
Give the definition of GAD and (2) causes and (2) treatment options for GAD.
Part D: Substance Abuse: Role of Reinforcement and Physical Dependence
Your textbook discusses the roles that reinforcement and physical dependence play in substance abuse.
Write the following:
Describe how these processes contribute to the abuse of either alcohol or opiates.
Essay Sample Content Preview:
Sleep, Learning, GAD, and Substance Abuse
Student
Institution
Course Code and Title
Instructor
Date
Sleep, Learning, GAD, and Substance Abuse
Slow-wave sleep
Sleep is a progressive state involving different stages on the basis of the activity of waves in the human brain. Slow wave sleep involves non-rapid movements of the eyes occurring in a series from N1, N2, and N3. N1 is the lightest state of sleep in this cycle upon replacement of the alpha waves by waves of low amplitude and mixed frequency. It takes up to five minutes, and the tone of muscles in the skeletal group is experienced. In this case, EEG records theta waves of low voltage.
In N2, body temperature and heart activity go down as K complexes and sleep spindles are evident on EEG. There is a powerful bursting of brief neurons in the brain’s thalamus, insular cortices, anterior cingulate, and superior temporal gyri. This is followed by an influx of calcium into the pyramidal cells. It takes approximately 25 minutes with a characteristic of grinding of teeth. N3 is the deepest part of sleep with characteristic delta waves of higher amplitude and lower frequency of less than 4 cycles per second on EEG. Most people cannot wake up even with loud noises at this phase. Moreover, waking one up would cause mental disorientation for about thirty minutes, and less time is taken in this phase as one age. The repair of body tissues and the building up of muscle and bone tissue occurs with immune system strengthening (Patel et al., 2022).
REM sleep
It is when dreaming takes place, and the EEG recording shows beta waves, which are typical when one is ...
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