NRS 441 Literature Review: A Global Pandemic of Obesity

Literature Review
Name
Institution of affiliation
Date
Literature Review
1 Buchwald, H., Ikramuddin, S., Dorman, R. B., Schone, J. L., & Dixon, J. B. (2011). Management of the metabolic/bariatric surgery patient. The American journal of medicine, 124(12), 1099-1105
The study notes there is a global pandemic of obesity. The study therefore focuses on the management of the obese patient. It advances metabolic/bariatric surgery as a potential therapeutic option. The study utilizes a qualitative paradigm to study the potential for the intervention mechanism in improving the patient quality of life. The study notes that the intervention also contributed to reduced risk of surgical complications. Nutrition is essential in ensuring that the patient is able to manage and treat the condition. The study thus, provides crucial information on the potential for bariatric surgery in managing obesity.
2 Coughlin, J. W., Guarda, A. S., Clark, J. M., Furtado, M. M., Steele, K. E., & Heinberg, L. J. (2013). A Screening Tool to Assess and Manage Behavioral Risk in the Postoperative Bariatric Surgery Patient: The WATCH. Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings, 1-8.
The study creates and operationalizes a tool for monitoring the post-operative behavior of patients who undergo bariatric surgery. The study notes that bariatric surgery is a proven mechanism for managing obesity. However, failure to make changes in behavior results in the patient regaining weight lost or losing weight at a pace below the expected level. The study adopts a five item tool to assess patients who indicate behavioral risk that may affect outcomes. This tool enables clinicians to identify these patients and take proactive steps to guarantee the patient will adhere to cognitive and behavioral changes necessary.
3 Crémieux, P. Y., Buchwald, H., Shikora, S. A., Ghosh, A., Yang, H. E., & Buessing, M. (2008). A study on the economic impact of bariatric surgery. Am J Manag Care, 14(9), 589-596
The study examined the impact of bariatric surgery on the economic position of the third party bearing the burden of the cost. The study selected two sets of patient. The intervention group that underwent bariatric surgery and the control group that did not. A baseline was established by matching patient characteristics and comorbidities. The Tobit model was used, with costs 6 months before surgery being collected until patient recovery. Costs were adjusted to account for inflation and the Treasury bill discount rate at 3.07%. The study noted that patients who underwent surgery recouped the third party payers’ investment in 2 years and 4 years for laparoscopic and open surgery respectively.
4 DeMaria, E. J., Pate, V., Warthen, M., & Winegar, D. A. (2010). Baseline data from American society for metabolic and bariatric surgery-designated bariatric surgery centers of excellence using the bariatric outcomes longitudinal database. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases, 6(4), 347-355.
The study examined the baseline data entered into the bariatric outcomes longitudinal database. The study analyzed the data entered to determine the patient characteristics of patients undergoing bariatric surgery. 57,918 patients consented to inclusion in the study. 78.76% of the participants were female. Gastric bypass surgery accounted for 54.68% of the bariatric surgeries undertaken. Gastric banding (39.62%), sleeve gastrectomy (2.29%), and biliopancreatic diversion (0.89%). The mortality rate was 0.13% with the 90 day mortality being 0.11% and the 30 day being 0.09%. Laparoscopic surgery technique accounted for the majority of interventions. Biliopancreatic diversion was conducted through open surgery.
5 Dixon, J. B., Zimmet, P., Alberti, K. G., & Rubino, F. (2011). Bariatric surgery: an IDF statement for obese Type 2 diabetes. Diabetic Medicine, 28(6), 628-642.
The study constituted an attempt by the International Diabetes Federation Taskforce to determine the role of surgery and other intervention in the management of obese type 2 diabetes. The study objectives included; to develop recommendations on patient selection, health policy interventions, priority areas for research and potential health policy changes. The study noted that bariatric surgery can improve glycaemic control in severely obese patients with Type 2 diabetes. The study recommended patients with a BMI of 35 kg/m2 or more could be candidate for bariatric surgery. Surgery was however, to be conducted only within the set rules and regulations to ensure safety of the patient undergoing the procedure.
6 Heber, D., Greenway, F. L., Kaplan, L. M., Livingston, E., Salvador, J., & Still, C. (2010). Endocrine and nutritional management of the post-bariatric surgery patient: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 95(11), 4823-4843
The study attempts to provide recommendations from a nutritional and endocrinal perspective for post-operative bariatric surgery care. This would ensure the patient did not develop post-surgical complications, comorbidities, weight regain etc. the study recognized that bariatric surgery was not successful in treating obesity. There is need for mechanisms to support the patient post-surgery and encourage cognitive and behavioral change. The study thus recommends that the patient should receive care and advice from an experienced primary care physician, endocrinologist, or gastroenterologist to advice on nutrition and lifestyle post-surgery. This includes enrolling in a post-operative program on nutrition.
7 Klein, S., Ghosh, A., Cremieux, P. Y., Eapen, S., & McGavock, T. J. (2011). Economic impact of the clinical benefits of bariatric surgery in diabetes patients with BMI≥ 35 kg/m2. Obesity, 19(3), 581-587
The study noted that bariatric surgery was the most effect weight loss intervention mechanism for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the cost of surgery is double or 4 times the amount a patient without diabetes would need. The study examines the cost implications for a diabetes pati...