Course name: Introduction to Latin America. Literature & Language.

Introduction to Latin America
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Introduction to Latin America
Significant transformations have occurred since the early 1970s both in developing countries and developed countries of the west. Over the past decades, changes in universal economic conditions due to capital trans nationalization, oil crisis, exciting global competition among other financial issues led to the advocacy of neoliberal ideology into effective, an ideal that had been advocated for since the early 1930s (Clua-Losada, & Ribera-Almandoz, 2017). Though neoliberalism had been in existence for a while, it only became popular in the late 1970s. Neoliberalism, often referred to as linchpin neoliberal ideology, is based on the belief that competitive, open and unregulated markets are free from any form of interference, thus exhibiting the features mechanisms of optimal economic development. Though the concept could be traced back to the power writings of Milton Friedman and Hayek Friedrich in the era of "utopia of unlimited exploitation." Neoliberalism became dominant and gained widespread in the late 1970s and early 1980s. It was the primary political response to the sustained global economic recession majorly applied in the preceding decades.
The concept of neoliberalism started way back in the 1930s; the ideology was suppressed by the time's authoritarian regimes or movements. Latin America was dominated by strict control that was often associated with conflicts and a war culture as countries were fighting over natural and economic resources. Western countries' situation was no different from Latin America, and there were quite many authoritarian regimes. The authoritarian and dictatorship spread over the 20th century in many countries of the world. As the dictatorships were on the rise, democratic movements and revolutionists were also on the rise to oppose the dictatorship mode of rule subjected to authoritarians' subjects. Some of the nonviolent movement that immensely contributed to adopting a democratic form of governance includes those organized in South African, Philippines, and Eastern Europe. However, neoliberalism was first introduced in the 1930s due to constant conflicts among neighboring countries. It was suppressed up to the 1970s and 1980s when it resurfaced following a reduction in the cases of authoritarian rules.
From both its critics and advocates, neoliberalism is linked to with least government interference, regulations, and interventions. However, even without distinguishing between forms and types of interferences and government interventions, it is so inaccurate and straightforward to relate neoliberalism with a 'small state.' Bob joseph argues that neoliberalism in its political projection aims to roll back any form of government intervention related to Keynesian welfare national state and social plan state or development plan state (Yesil, 2016). According to Bob, neoliberalism was mainly introduced to roll-forward government supports that were more appropriate to initiate a market-driven globalized economy. On the other hand, Jessop argued that neoliberalism promoted social, political, and economic actions considered in line with neoliberal projects. For implementations of the above issues mentioned by Jessop, it required an immense intervention of the political class; thus, the ruling government must get involved in one way or another (Tansel 2017). In this report, I tend to take another direction of the argument, even though the implementation and application of neoliberalism imply a decrease in the provision of essential social services by the government, resulting in increased government involvement in applying and enforcing the...