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PRAGMATISM-LEARNING BY DOING

Essay Instructions:
A Scholarly Paper. 20% of course grade. Again, philosophy papers support a claim or argument which can be debated or challenged. The paper must cite at least one course textbooks or essays and cite four scholarly sources beyond the required course readings (total minimum sources to cite = 5). First, write a 5+ page paper analyzing one Western or one Non-Western educational philosophy. Address the questions: Why and how should North American teachers follow this philosophy? How is it different from other regions of the world? How might teachers using this philosophy engage students? What obligations do teachers using this philosophy have to address social inequalities? Select a specific educational problem/issue and discuss how in concrete terms this particular philosophy with its attendant instructional strategies would deal with and resolve the issue. The above are the guidelines right from the teacher, please be sure to research the education problem or issue and discuss how the philosophy would resolve the issue. If there is a place to upload I can upload class powerpoints. The text book we are using is, \"Philosophical Foundations of Education\" 9th edition by Howard A. Ozmon. If you have access to this please use it as 1 of 5 sources. If not I can scan the textbook in the area you have chosen to do the research...just keep me up to date. You are choosing the articles and topic, should be something you want to write about as long as it follows the instructions. If you need further clarification please contact me ASAP. I thank you for your time and help In class we are looking at idealism, realism, pragmatism, reconstructionism, behaviourism, existentialism, marxism, post-modernism and analytic philosophy. When you decide the the philosophical approach you will take LET ME KNOW AND I WILL UPLOAD THE CHAPTER IF YOU DONT HAVE ACCESS TO TECT BOOK...please e-mail me!!!
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PRAGMATISM-LEARNING BY DOING
Introduction
Of all educational philosophies being practised and studied worldwide, pragmatism is the only one that originated in North America (Barbules and Biesta n.d.). This is an educational philosophy that stresses on ‘learning by doing`. Pragmatism as an educational philosophy was the result of the work of scholars whose work spanned throughout the late 19th century all the way to the twentieth century. They include John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Auguste Comte, Charles Darwin, Charles Sanders Pierce (1839-1914), William James and James Dewey (1859-1952).
This philosophy came to become the United States` traditional method of teaching. It has several learning configurations and arrangements that assign the instructors and learners with specific roles. These arrangements found in pragmatism are all geared towards preparing the students for the real world by providing them with adequate problem solving skills so that they can be competent in the dynamic world that awaits them after school (Educational Philosophy, n.d.).
Features of pragmatism
Pragmatism advocates for the unification of theory and practice. This is to say that in a pragmatic education system, the theories being taught by the instructors should be demonstrated practically so as to enhance the student`s learning experience (Ozmoh, 2004).
This philosophy proposes that scientific methods should be employed in the solutions of people`s problems. This is to say that when dealing with challenges, solving of problems needs to be based on actual facts rather than myths or other rudimentary approaches (Bohac et al n.d.). In my opinion, an education system that is based on pragmatism has democracy as one of its features. This is to say that there are no absolutes so to say in the learning process. In pragmatism, change is the essence of reality. This is also known as progressivism.
Progressivism
Progressivism is based on a school of thought that describes the ideal learning environment in which pragmatism is being applied. Progressivism has six key assertions that are used to ensure the education process meets first and foremost the needs of the learner. What sets pragmatism apart from other educational philosophies is the fact that it supports the use of modern scientific methods in the development of philosophies.
Under progressivism, education should not just be looked at as preparation for life. Education is actually life. This means that learning experiences need to be tailored according to real life experiences such that even after a learner is out of school, he or she continues with the learning process that was started in the classroom. What this means is that finishing a stage of education, say university, should not be seen as an end to learning. It should just be a seamless transition in which the environment changes but the process continues.
The learning process should be tailored to the learner`s interests. An education system needs to have in it content that will meet the needs of the learner. At times the education system in place is usually designed in such a manner that meets the needs of the school and the teacher. Such a system denies the learner a piece of the cake.
Thirdly, progressivism also states that real learning occurs through problem-solving. An education system should be designed in a way that develops the learner`s cognitive skills by enabling him or her to effectively manage the challenges that come up along the way. This way, the learner not only acquires knowledge but also experience while (s) he is being educated.
In a progressive education system, the teacher`s primary role is first to advise and not to direct. This does not nullify the importance of the teacher`s knowledge. What it means is that the teacher should use his/her knowledge and experience to skillfully guide the learner through the learning process.
Progressivism prescribes that schools should encourage cooperation rather...
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