Childhood Obesity

Childhood Obesity
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(November 17, 2011)
Childhood Obesity
Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Childhood Obesity Facts. Retrieved on 7th Nov. 2011from  HYPERLINK "/healthyyouth/obesity/facts.htm" /healthyyouth/obesity/facts.htm
Direct Quote
“Obese youth are more likely to have risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as high cholesterol or high blood pressure. In a population-based sample of 5- to 17-year-olds, 70% of obese youth had at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease”
Paraphrase one
In most cases adolescents with obesity have a higher prediabetes which is a condition where the levels of blood glucose increase and consequently the chances of contracting diabetes.
Paraphrase two
Children and adolescents have a higher risk contracting bone and problems with joints and sleep apnea if they have obesity. They also have social and psychological crisis including low self esteem and stigmatization.
Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons, Committee of Public Accounts. (2007). Tackling Childhood Obesity – First Steps: Eighth Report of Session 2006-2007, Report, Together with Formal Minutes, Oral and Written Evidence. Great Britain: Office Publisher.
Direct quote
“Obesity is a serious health condition. It is defined as carrying too much body fat for your height and sex. A person is considered obese if they have a body mass index or BMI (weight in kilograms divided by the square of their height in metres) of 30 or greater.”
Paraphrase one
The NHS bears a lot of burden due to obesity prevalence and rise. Approximately £1 billion annually is spent on obesity for direct costs while indirect costs account for over £2.3 to £2.6 billion.
Paraphrase two
To tackle child obesity there have only been social marketing campaign whereas there are no funds or programs developed. The project being targeted by the department is more focused on diet and lifestyle change.
Hills, A. P. and King, N. A. (2007). Children, Obesity and Exercise: Prevention, Treatment and Management of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity. New York: Taylor & Francis.
“Despite the general consensus that environmental factors are likely to be important in influencing factors such as energy intake, physical activity levels and ultimate body weight, the empirical evidence of a relationship between specific environmental exposures and obesity is poor”
Paraphrase one
Among the major aspects that make obesity to develop is the environment, it also affects the behavior of people. According to Hill, and Peter 1998 to know the contribution of the environment to obesity then the frequency of behavior should be monitored to know positive balance on energy.
Paraphrase two
In providing an environment that takes care of the children’s physical activity the parent influence them directly; they also have a positive impact if they encourage physical activity (p.4).
Chart on page 62
The chart shows the physical and psychological barriers for obese persons. They are identified as physical: - excess weight, discomfort, and low sVO2 max.
Psychological: - embarrassment, self efficacy, self esteem, teasing, and previous negative experience.
Both lead to reduced tolerance and compliance.


Kiess, W., Marcus, C. & Wabitsch, M. (eds). (2004). Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence. Pediatric Adolescent Medicine. Basel: Krager, Vol. 9, pp. 211-218
Direct quote
“In defining obesity in children and adolescent we are attempting to identify those with excessive adiposity. However the ability to accurately estimate level of body fatness is only one of the criteria necessary for an effective measure of obesity.” (p.2).
Paraphrase one
To define and diagnose the conditions of overweight and obesity, practitioners use anthropometric measures which is the most common.
Paraphrase two
The definition of children and adolescent’s condition of obesity is mainly based on height and weight (p.2).
Figure on page 9
The graph show the body mass index (BMI) for age percentiles for girls aged 2-20 years. The graph shows the exponential growth in kilograms on how girls are supposed to increase as they increase in age.


Koplan, J. & Liverman, T.C. (2005). Preventing Childhood Obesity: Health in the Balance. Washington, D.C.:The National Academies Press.
Direct Quote
“The changing context of American families includes several distinct trends such as the shifting role of women in society, delayed marriage, childbearing outside of marriage, higher divorce rates, single parenthood, and work patterns of parents”
Paraphrase one
Between the years 1963 to 2000 the participation of women in the labor force has continued to grow from 36 to 58 percent. On the other hand, that for mother with children aged 18 and below also i...