China and the Environment

China And the Environment
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Exam 2 Questions
* Uneven ecosystem threats: How do environmental politics play out differently in urban areas and remote parts of China?
Environment knowledge refers to socially organized information about the environment. But often, such knowledge is not a collection of neutral facts devoid of politics. Over the years, governments and states have used knowledge to enforce their environmental claims, and China has several used knowledge to implement its claims about the environment (Wu, 2009). China's urban environment includes the built environment, environmental amenities and services, and natural resources. Urban environmental politics, therefore, emphasizes the instrumental value of biodiversity. In the China context, urban environmental politics must consider the current and previous failures in the Chinese cities. Ideally, urban China has started to rise demographically and socially, culturally, politically, and economically to become a significant defining problem space of China (Wu, 2009). China cities are socio-environmental entities meaning that the environment and these urban areas are fused. Everything that happens in cities has environmental dimensions. For example, resource-intensive urbanization affects the everyday environment and all ecological processes that underpin them. Growing population in urban areas means an increase in traffic, which means high carbon print, increased solid waste, polluted air, and loss of forest cover.
 In China, there are multiple ways in which environmental knowledge is used within the political debate to reproduce China’s urban and remote environments. The political nature of state knowledge shapes environmental knowledge and environmental practices in many ways. The maps and lists often reproduced by the state trigger power imbalances among communities. Environmental protection has supported many local and international policy proposals seeking to combat climate change.  As a result, China has constantly enhanced its effort to combat climate change by (1) making and integrating environmental protection policies among China’s national policies; (2) making causers of pollution responsible for causing the pollution; (3) developing law in support of environmental protection; and (4) incorporating environmental protection into the country’s national development policies (Wu, 2009). The environmental politics in the country demand that addressing climate change is more urgent in urban areas than in rural China. Over the years, the international policy has developed a consensus demanding urban areas implement urgent climate change actions.
Global environmental politics have continuously focused on urban-based initiatives which support the development and harmonization of a multilevel partnership to help address the climate crisis. Urban areas have become a priority because carbon footprint has never been seen as a priority for rural areas and the less developed parts of China. Environmental politics in China has further advanced with the citizen's complaints system being established to formally allow citizens and air their complaints regarding environmental impacts, protection, and regulation (Wu, 2009). today, local and urban have almost similar environmental politics. There are massive institutional reforms at the urban level, including the public hearing on the impact of environmental pollution on the environment. In the rural areas, there are voices to reduce the impacts of climate change on agriculture. Almost all solutions to China’s ecological woes primarily lie in the political and institutional changes rather than in the technological, engineering, and investment input. Delivering low-carbon urban areas demand an engagement with everyone, including the ordinary cities and the rural areas.
* Beautiful China: How is China being made beautiful?
Beautiful China is a plan for sustainable development in China-proposed by Chinese President Xi Jinping. The model is founded on building an eco-conscious civilization that delivers a beautiful China, thus promoting sustainable modernization characterized by a harmonious interaction between nature and human beings. Accordingly, building beautiful China is about realizing China's sustainability goals and more about establishing itself as a great power across the world. The beautiful China initiative (BCI) is a fundamental concept because it encourages China’s three-in-one developmental strategy for political, economic, and cultural progress. The world is fast-changing, and countries that prioritize ecological improvement achieve lasting sustainability (Fang, Wang, & Liu, 2020). Making China beautiful starts with speeding up reforms for ecological civilization, and all these start with critical strategies such as rural revitalization and urban planning.
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