Treatments for Obstructive Sleep-related Breathing Disorders

Selecting sources of literature
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Selecting sources of literature
Baradaranfar, M., Edalatkhah, M., Dadgarnia, M., Atighechi, S., Behniafard, N., Mirvakili, A., & ... Emami Meybodi, T. (2015). The Effect of Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty with Tonsillectomy in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Indian Journal Of Otolaryngology & Head & Neck Surgery, 6729-33. doi:10.1007/s12070-014-0735-1
Baradaranfar et al. (2015) reported that Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is the commonest kind of sleep apnoea brought about when the upper airway is obstructed. The prevalence of this disorder is 2 percent in women and 4 percent in men who are middle-aged. The authors of this article assessed the efficacy of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) surgical operation in treating patients who had OSA syndrome. Baradaranfar et al. (2015) found that the use of UPPP in OSA patients could result in improvement of symptoms in 64 percent of cases. This implies that UPPP can be used to treat OSA; this is in support of the proposed solution that entails the use of surgical procedure in treating OSA.
Benazzo, M., Pagella, F., Matti, E., Zorzi, S., Campanini, A., Frassineti, S., & ... Vicini, C. (2008). Hyoidthyroidpexia as a treatment in multilevel surgery for obstructive sleep apnea. Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 128(6), 680-684. doi:10.1080/00016480701636884
Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome is typified by recurrent incidents of complete or partial obstruction of upper airway as one sleeps resulting in a decrease in blood oxygen saturation. During the 5th and 6th decades of a person’s life, 4 percent of men and 2 percent of women are affected by this disorder (Benazzo et al., 2008). The main symptoms are changes in daytime levels of performance, loud snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness. Benazzo et al. (2008) concluded that hyoidthyroidpexia surgical procedure was effectual in patients who had OSAS. This supports the proposed solution that entails using surgery to treat OSA.
Browaldh, N., Friberg, D., Svanborg, E., & Nerfeldt, P. (2011). 15-year efficacy of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty based on objective and subjective data. Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 131(12), 1303-1310. doi:10.3109/00016489.2011.61691.
In their study, Browaldh et al. (2011) evaluated the symptoms and recordings of sleep apnoea in patients who had obstructive sleep apnoea fifteen years following uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) in comparison to previous follow-ups and baseline. At the moment, mandibular retaining devices (MRDs) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) are the major treatments for OSAS. Their findings showed that there was a noteworthy and stable reduction in median oxygen desaturation index 4 percent values over the 15-year period. Most of the patients had cured or improved daytime sleepiness and were satisfied. This supports the proposed solution that using surgical operation helps to reduce or totally get rid of the symptoms and complications of OSA.
Chisholm, E., & Kotecha, B. (2010). Oropharyngeal surgery for obstructive sleep apnoea in CPAP failures. European Archives Of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 264(1), 51-55. doi:10.1007/s00405-006-0139-2
According to Chisholm and Kotecha (2010), OSA takes place whenever there are recurrent episodes of incomplete or total blockage of a person’s upper airway as one sleeps. Over twelve million individuals in America have sleep apnea and 1 in twenty-five men and one in fifty women who are middle-aged have this disorder. Even though CPAP is a somewhat effective management for severe and moderate obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), it is poorly tolerated. Chisholm and Kotecha (2010) examined the role of laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty (LAUP) in patients who had severe to moderate OSA and would not stand CPAP. They found that LAUD is an effective instrument for reducing the severity of OSA in patients who cannot put up with CPAP.
Göktas, Ö., Solmaz, M., Göktas, G., & Olze, H. (2014). Long-Term Results in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) after Laser-Assisted Uvulopalatoplasty (LAUP). Plos ONE, 9(6), 1-6. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100211
In this article, Goktas et al. (2014) reported that OSAS is essentially the most prevalent sleep-related breathing illness. They described OSAS as a serious disease. The authors added that the OSAS prevalence among the female population is roughly 8.2 percent and in male population is about 4 percent. In their study, Goktas et al. (2014) evaluated lasting outcomes of treatment in patients who had OSAS and evaluated laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty (LAUP) as a surgical treatment. This article is in support of the proposed solution. The authors found that LAUP is effective in reducing apnea-hypopnea-index (AHI) score of the OSAS patient.
Itasaka, Y., Miyazaki, S., Yin, M., Shibata, Y., Tanaka, T., & Ishikawa, K. (2009). Effectiveness of surgical treatments for obstructive sleep-related breathing disorders: Upper airway pressure analysis. Sleep & Biological Rhythms, 3(3), 114-121. doi:10.1111/j.1479-8425.2005.00181.x
According to Itasaka et al. (2009), individuals who have OSA might experience recurrent episodes of hypopnoea and apnoea during the night. The recurrent sleep interruptions could make one to feel very tired during daytime. In treating obstructive sleep-related breathing illnesses, surgical or non-invasive therapies, in combination or singly, are utilized depending on the severity and causes of symptoms. Itasaka et al. (2009) pointed out that surgical procedure that comprises nasal surgery, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), tonsillectomy and uvulectomy are carried out depending on the stenotic or obstructive sites in the upper airway. Their findings show that the efficacy of a surgical intervention might be verified by the concurrent monitoring of upper airway as well as intraesophageal pressure in polysomnography. This supports the proposed intervention.
Karataylý-özgürsoy, S., & Demireller, A. (2012). Hyoid suspension surgery with UPPP for the treatment of hypopharyngeal airway obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea. ENT: Ear, Nose & Throat Journal, 91(8), 358-364.
According to authors of this article, OSA is defined clinically by recurrent occurrences of hypopnea and apnea as one sleeps. It is a grave illness which has been implicated in accidents involving motor vehicles, excessive daytime hypersomnolence, as well as functional impairment. In addition, OSA is linked to cardiovascular mortality and morbidity secondary to cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure. OSA’s prevalence in men is 4% and 2% in women aged from 30 years to 60 years (Karataylý-özgürsoy & Demireller, 2012). The findings revealed that surgical operation – uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) and hyoid suspension surgery – was in fact effective in 90% of the patients, hence supports proposed solution.
Lundkvist, K., Januszkiewicz, A., & Friberg, D. (2009). Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in 158 OSAS patients failing non-surgical treatment. Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 129(11), 1280-1286. doi:10.3109/00016480802654380
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS), as Lundkvist, Januszkiewicz and Friberg (2009) pointed out, is a common illness. The prevalence of OSAS is two percent in women whilst it is four percent in men. The common symptoms of OSAS include daytime sleepiness, snoring loudly, as well as non-refreshing sleep. OSAS is strongly linked to cardiovascular diseases like stroke and high blood pressure, and early death, and even diabetes type 2. In their study, 19 women and 139 men underwent UPPP. Their results showed that 88 percent of the patients who underwent the surgery were contented. The surgical procedure UPPP was found to be safe and effective. This supports the proposed solution.
Park, C. Y., Hong, J. H., Lee, J. H., Lee, K. E., Cho, H. S., Lim, S. J., & ... Kim, H. J. (2014). Clinical Effect of Surgical Correction for Nasal Pathology on the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Plos ONE, 9(6), 1-7. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098765
In this article, Park et al. (2014) pointed out that OSA is basically a sleep disorder that is common and is typified by airway collapse at several levels of upper airway, which bring about cessation or reduction of airflow. OSA may bring about hypoxemia during the night or vascular injury because of free oxygen radicals. Moreo...