The Muscular System 1
In this module, you have learned about muscle structure and function. In this case assignment, you will explore the physiological processes involved in building and maintaining muscle tissue. Specifically, you will prepare a 2-3 page paper in which you: Describe normal anatomy/physiology of muscle contraction emphasizing the utilization of ATP in this process. Describe the difference between fast oxidative, slow oxidative, and fast glycolytic fibers. Discuss the types of activities that utilize each of these three types of fibers. Address this question: What does training do to muscle? In other words, what is happening in the muscle when it grows in response to working out? NOTE: This assignment will require you to engage in independent research. Begin with the books that contain your required reading. Additional resources can be found on your bookshelf as well, such as Nerve and Muscle and Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology. Assignment Expectations Format Remember that all of your work should be prepared using appropriate format. This link from your course syllabus page will help reinforce formatting expectations: http://www(dot)trident(dot)edu/files/Well-Written-Paper.pdf Scholarly Content Your SLP and your case assignments are considered scholarly works. Your final work should include a MINIMUM of 10 peer reviewed (scholarly) sources. This does not mean that you must place 10 peer reviewed sources in each module of your Case/SLP. I anticipate that the nature of the questions which must be answered in this project will result in the accumulation of more than 10 references, but 10 is the minimum number. This means by the end of module 5, I should be able to go back and count AT A MINIMUM a total of 10 scholarly-peer reviewed publications in all of your submitted papers. If you are uncertain what a peer reviewed (scholarly) source is, go tohttp://www(dot)csuchico(dot)edu/lins/handouts/scholarly.pdf Please keep in mind that you should not use sources such as “Answers.com” or “Wikipedia” or “Wikianswers”. None of these are
The Muscular System
Name:
Grade Course:
Tutor's Name:
Date Submitted:
Introduction
Maintenance of muscle tissue involves the physiological contraction and relaxation of the muscles either spontaneous or through training. This essay highlights on the types and contraction of muscle fibers and the effects of training.
During the physiology of the muscle, the neuron terminal that is responsible for motion releases the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Ach) which binds to the Ach receptors. This is followed by the creation of an impulse due to the combination of the Ach and the sarcolemma receptor which also forms the path of the impulse through the tubules. As a result, the impulse triggers the formation of calcium ions which bind the troponin molecule resulting in tropomyosin exposing the positions of the actin (thin filament) for the attachment of myosin heads. This exposure eventually results in the binding of myosin and actin to form cross bridges. Once released, ADP and PI changes the structure of myosin head resulting in a sliding movement of the actin towards the center of the sarcolemma. However, both the ADP and PI remains attached to the terminal end of the thick filament. Consequently, the ‘Z' shaped discs are pulled together contracting the fiber of the muscle to generate a power stroke. ATP causes the unbinding of the cross bridges and therefore breaks the cross bridge between the actin and myosin when a new molecule of ATP attaches itself to the myosin head. This results in myosin head returning to its original unattached position. Therefore, in the absence of ATP, the cross bridges remain intact to the actin filaments (Ziser Lecture Notes, 2006).
Muscle fibers are categorized in terms of myosin type and th...